IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 67919-8-1 r-a c/> o
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UNPUBLISHED OPINION
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DONALD LOREN GRABNER, ^r-
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Appellant. FILED: March 11, 2013. oo
Schindler, J. — A jury convicted Donald Loren Grabner of possession of a
stolen vehicle. Grabner challenges the court's determination that his driver's license
must be revoked for one year under RCW 46.20.285(4). We affirm.
At about 4:20 p.m. on June 22, 2011, Tyler Thirloway parked his 1995 Subaru
Legacy outside a pub in Seattle. When Thirloway returned about 45 minutes later, his
car was gone.
At approximately 3:00 a.m. on July 2, Lynwood Police Sergeant Jason Valentine
followed the driver of a Subaru Legacy. When Sergeant Valentine entered the license
plate number in the computer, he discovered the car was stolen.
Sergeant Valentine stopped the car and detained the driver, Donald Loren
Grabner. Grabner told Sergeant Valentine he did not know the car was stolen. Grabner
said that the car belonged to " 'someone named Jeff.'" After Sergeant Valentine tried to
No. 67919-8-1/2
call the number Grabner gave him to verify the car belonged to "Jeff," Grabner said he
might have gotten the car from "John." Sergeant Valentine testified that the car key
used to start the car had been "shaved." Sergeant Valentine testified that a shaved key
can be used to start a stolen car.
The State charged Grabner with possession of a stolen vehicle in violation of
RCW 9A.56.068. At trial, Sergeant Valentine and Thirloway testified on behalf of the
State. Grabner testified that he borrowed the car from someone named "John" and did
not know the car was stolen. Grabner admitted that he did not know John's last name
or address.
The jury convicted Grabner of possession of a stolen vehicle. At sentencing, the
court found that because Grabner "used a motor vehicle" to commit the crime of
possession of a stolen vehicle, under RCW 46.20.285, his license must be revoked for a
year.
Grabner contends the one-year revocation should be vacated because the court
erred in finding that he used a motor vehicle to commit the crime of possession of a
stolen vehicle.
RCW 46.20.285 requires the Department of Licensing to revoke the driver's
license of any driver who commits a felony "of which a motor vehicle is used."1 RCW
46.20.285(4). The statute does not define the term "use." In State v. Batten, 95 Wn.
App. 127, 974 P.2d 879 (1999), affd, 140 Wn.2d 362, 997 P.2d 350 (2000), we relied
on the plain and ordinary meaning of the word "use" in determining that under RCW
1 Possession of a stolen motor vehicle is a class B felony. RCW 9A.56.068(2). RCW
9A.56.140(1) defines "possessing stolen property" as "knowingly to receive, retain, possess, conceal, or
dispose ofstolen property knowing that it has been stolen and to withhold or appropriate the same to the
use of any person other than the true owner or person entitled thereto."
No. 67919-8-1/3
46.20.285(4), a vehicle must have been employed in accomplishing the crime. Batten,
95 Wn. App. at 129-30. The test is whether the felony conviction has some reasonable
relationship to the operation of a motor vehicle, or whether use of a motor vehicle
contributed in some reasonable degree to the commission of the crime. State v. B.E.K.,
141 Wn. App. 742, 746, 172 P.3d 365 (2007) (citing Batten, 140 Wn.2d at 365). RCW
46.20.285(4) applies even where the vehicle is both the object and the instrumentality of
the offense. State v. Dvkstra, 127 Wn. App. 1, 12, 110 P.3d 758 (2005). We review the
application of a statute to a specific set of facts de novo. State v. Dupuis, 168 Wn. App.
672,674, 278 P.3d 683 (2012).
In Dupuis, we explained that "[ajlthough it is possible to take a car without using it
(as when, for example, a tow truck is employed)," where the car is used "to accomplish
the crime of taking or riding in a motor vehicle without the owner's permission," such
facts describe conduct within the ambit of RCW 46.20.285(4). Dupuis. 168 Wn. App. at
677. Likewise, in State v. Contreras, 162 Wn. App. 540, 254 P.3d 214 (2011), we held
that a defendant "used" a stolen car to commit the crime of possession of a stolen
vehicle when he drove the vehicle to the state patrol office and attempted to relicense it.
Contreras, 162 Wn. App. at 547.
Contreras and Dupuis control the disposition of this case. Here, as in Contreras
and Dupuis, the crime has "some reasonable relation to the operation of a motor
vehicle." B.E.K., 141 Wn. App. at 746. The Subaru Legacy was both the object and
the instrument of the crime of possession of a stolen vehicle. Grabner "used" the
vehicle by driving it. Grabner's use of the car contributed in some reasonable degree to
the commission of the felony of possession of a stolen vehicle. See Dvkstra, 127 Wn.
No. 67919-8-1/4
App. at 5, 12 (concluding members of auto theft ring "took possession of the stolen cars
by driving them away from the scene"). The court correctly ruled that RCW
46.20.285(4) applied.2
Statement of Additional Grounds
In a statement of additional grounds, Grabner argues his counsel provided
ineffective assistance by failing to subpoena a witness. However, below, Grabner
admitted that although he provided phone numbers to his attorney, "I don't think
Snohomish County can find [the witnesses]."
Grabner also refers to matters outside the record to argue the trial court violated
his speedy trial rights. Because this argument is not supported by credible evidence in
the record, we cannot review it. See RAP 10.10(c) (an appellate court will not consider
an argument made in a statement of additional grounds for review if it does not inform
the court of the nature and occurrence of the alleged errors).
Affirmed.
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WE CONCUR:
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2Grabner's reliance on State v. Wavne. 134 Wn. App. 873, 142 P.3d 1125 (2006), is misplaced.
In Wavne, the court held RCW 46.20.285(4) did not apply to a felony conviction for possession of cocaine
where the police found the cocaine in the driver's pocket because "use of the car is merely incidental if
possession is with the person rather than the car." Wavne, 134 Wn. App. at 874-75.