NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except
in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
2023 IL App (3d) 230110-U
Order filed November 14, 2023
____________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
2023
CHERYL L. STEWART, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
) of the 13th Judicial Circuit,
Petitioner-Appellee, ) La Salle County, Illinois,
)
v. ) Appeal No. 3-23-0110
) Circuit No. 23-OP-26
)
SARA JEAN BUNCH DALTON, ) Honorable
) Karen C. Eiten,
Respondent-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.
____________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE PETERSON delivered the judgment of the court.
Presiding Justice Holdridge and Justice Davenport concurred in the judgment.
____________________________________________________________________________
ORDER
¶1 Held: The circuit court had jurisdiction to issue a stalking no contact order. Issuance of
the stalking no contact order was not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
¶2 Respondent-appellant, Sara Jean Bunch Dalton, appeals the La Salle County circuit
court’s issuance of a stalking no contact order. Respondent argues that the court did not have
jurisdiction to issue the order. She further argues that the contact was mutual and that there was
only one incident such that petitioner-appellee, Cheryl L. Stewart, failed to establish the requisite
course of conduct to obtain a stalking no contact order. We affirm.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 Petitioner filed a petition seeking a stalking no contact order against respondent pursuant
to the Stalking No Contact Order Act (Act). 740 ILCS 21/1 et seq. (West 2022). The court
granted an emergency order and the matter proceeded to a plenary order hearing. Prior to any
testimony, the court reviewed surveillance video which was later admitted into evidence.
¶5 Respondent testified that she was in a store and saw petitioner. Respondent called
petitioner’s name and then asked something like “how is your rapist husband?” Respondent
stated that petitioner showed no emotion. Petitioner’s counsel asked respondent about the
statement she gave police, wherein she stated that petitioner looked confused and shocked.
Respondent clarified that petitioner had no reaction which she would say was shock. Petitioner
walked away from respondent and respondent again made a statement to petitioner about
petitioner’s “rapist husband.” Petitioner and respondent proceeded in opposite directions.
Respondent proceeded toward the checkout area. She saw petitioner from a distance walking
towards the front of the store. Respondent saw petitioner’s cart unattended. Respondent walked
to the self-checkout area and saw petitioner’s “head over a display staring right at [her].”
Respondent did not make another comment to petitioner until petitioner approached her. When
petitioner re-approached respondent, she “took that as an open conversation engagement again.”
Petitioner was on the phone and did not speak to her. Respondent asked petitioner if she wanted
to see the “photos of the case” and if she had seen them. Respondent testified that she may have
asked petitioner if she knew why her husband was fired from the police department. Respondent
heard petitioner telling the person she was on the phone with that respondent was getting ready
to leave the store. Respondent thought petitioner was on the phone with her husband.
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¶6 Respondent finished checking out and proceeded to the exit. Respondent testified that
petitioner was blocking her path. Petitioner was accompanied by a security guard. Petitioner and
the security guard narrowed the pathway to the exit so that the security guard needed to move in
order for respondent to walk through. Respondent exited the store and then took out her phone to
record petitioner. Respondent made a statement to the security guard that petitioner’s husband
was fired from the police department for being a rapist. When asked if the statement was made to
the security guard, knowing petitioner was right there, respondent stated that the statement was
made “to the vicinity.” Respondent started recording because she was nervous as she was exiting
the store and petitioner was telling the person she was on the phone with that she would follow
respondent to her car. Respondent became vocal again and started recording, in the hope that
petitioner would stop. The police arrived shortly thereafter. Respondent denied that the
statements she made were intended to intimidate petitioner.
¶7 Respondent testified that when she made the statements to petitioner she was not yelling
and her tone was conversational. She did not follow petitioner around the store. Between the first
encounter with petitioner and the second encounter when she was walking toward the checkout
area, she saw petitioner from a distance but did not say anything to her. The third time she saw
petitioner was at the checkout area and petitioner approached her. Petitioner just stared at
respondent and respondent felt intimidated. Petitioner never spoke to respondent.
¶8 Petitioner testified that she encountered respondent at the store. She heard respondent
behind her “saying things of the nature of how did your husband like losing his job, are you still
living with that rapist husband.” When she turned around, she saw respondent several aisles
behind her. Petitioner testified that she did not engage with respondent but instead turned around
and walked away. Petitioner was panicked and wanted to get away. As petitioner walked away,
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respondent continued to say things of the same nature. Petitioner testified that she called her
husband and he advised her to call the police. She walked towards the checkout area. When she
was getting closer to the checkout area but not yet at the registers, respondent again started
making comments about petitioner living with a rapist and her husband being fired. Petitioner
testified that she walked away from her cart in an effort to get away and that respondent started
asking petitioner where she was going and why she was leaving her cart. When petitioner left her
cart, she called the police. She walked to the area where the carts were located near the self-
checkout area and leaned against them while talking to the police. Respondent was at the self-
checkout area. Petitioner did not speak with respondent. Petitioner testified that the police asked
her if the store had security and so she approached a cashier to inquire about a security guard.
The cashier directed petitioner to the security guard and petitioner contacted the security guard
between the front door and the cart corral. Petitioner testified that respondent finished checking
out and left the store and was in close proximity to petitioner and the security guard as she left.
The police asked if petitioner could see what car respondent was getting into, so she went outside
to see. As soon as petitioner exited the store, respondent turned her phone and camera on her and
stated loudly that petitioner’s husband is a rapist and was fired from the police department.
Petitioner testified that she asked the security guard to see what vehicle respondent was getting
into. Respondent proceeded to her vehicle and the police arrived shortly thereafter. Petitioner
stated that the incidents at the store made petitioner’s heart race and her palms sweaty, and she
just wanted to get out of the situation and for respondent to leave her alone. Petitioner was asked
how she felt since the incident and she stated, “[i]t keeps [her] up at night.” She was nervous to
come to court but felt she needed an order so respondent would leave her alone. Petitioner
testified that she gets nervous going to stores because she doesn’t know who is going to be there.
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¶9 On cross-examination, petitioner admitted that surveillance video showed her walking
toward respondent when respondent was at the self-checkout area. Petitioner stated that she did
so because she was on the phone with the police and was looking for something to lean on while
she waited for further directions. Petitioner testified that she stayed close to respondent because
she did not know where else to go and she had already left her cart. She did not want to walk
back to her cart. Petitioner was in a panicked, shocked state and was just waiting for the police to
tell her what to do. Petitioner testified that she did not feel fearful exiting the store to follow
respondent because the security guard was there and she was doing what the police told her to
do. Petitioner acknowledged that respondent did not tell petitioner that she was going to harm
her. Petitioner sought the no contact order on the basis that she did not like what respondent said
to her.
¶ 10 Surveillance video showed petitioner stop with her cart near, but not at, the checkout
area. A few seconds later, she walked away from the cart towards the front of the store.
Respondent appeared as petitioner walked away from her cart. Respondent walked to the self-
checkout area. Petitioner moved closer to the self-checkout area. The video showed that there
was a row of carts between petitioner and the backside of the self-checkout area. Petitioner
appeared to be on the phone. Petitioner then walked away and eventually approached the security
guard. She followed the security guard toward the cart corral. Respondent walked by petitioner
and the security guard and exited the store. Petitioner and the security guard were not blocking
respondent’s path but the security guard took a step away as respondent walked past. The video
showed that petitioner began walking out after respondent but stopped and turned around until
the security guard exited with her. As they walked out the door, respondent turned around and
held her phone up, apparently recording petitioner.
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¶ 11 The court noted that it had heard all the testimony and had an opportunity to observe the
parties as they testified. The court found that respondent’s intention “could only have been to
upset” petitioner and “[t]here was no other intention ascribed to that.” The court determined
there were at least two encounters and believed there were four. Respondent admitted in her
statement to the police that she spoke to petitioner several times. The court noted there was no
testimony that petitioner engaged respondent. The court found there were two or more acts, as
required under the Act. Therefore, the court entered the stalking no contact order. Respondent
appeals.
¶ 12 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 13 Respondent argues that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to issue the stalking no
contact order, and it is therefore void. Respondent contends that the stalking no contact order
was not in compliance with the Act, as the order was based on a single incident, involved free
speech and petitioner was a “ ‘mutual’ player.” However, the issue of whether the order
complied with the Act is not a jurisdictional issue. The circuit court had jurisdiction to enter the
order in this matter because it has jurisdiction over all justiciable matters, except those which our
supreme court has original and exclusive jurisdiction. See McCormick v. Robertson, 2015 IL
118230, ¶¶ 19-21. Moreover, the Act specifically states that “[e]ach of the circuit courts has the
power to issue stalking no contact orders.” 740 ILCS 21/45 (West 2022). Except in limited
situations that are not present here, “the fact that the litigants or the court may have deviated
from requirements established by the legislature does not operate to divest the court of
jurisdiction.” McCormick, 2015 IL 118230, ¶ 22.
¶ 14 Respondent also argues that the stalking no contact order should not have been issued
because petitioner followed and stayed close to respondent such that she was a
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“ ‘mutual’ player.” Respondent failed to cite to any legal authority supporting this argument as
required by Illinois Supreme Court Rule 341(h)(7) (eff. Oct. 1, 2020) (providing that argument
must “contain the contentions of the appellant and the reasons therefor, with citation of the
authorities and the pages of the record relied on” and that “[p]oints not argued are forfeited”). As
such, we conclude that respondent failed to properly develop and support her argument in this
regard and therefore, those arguments are forfeited.
¶ 15 Respondent further argues that there was only one incident, as it involved one shopping
trip at one location and that the Act does not apply to free speech. Under the Act, “ ‘[s]talking’
means engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person, and he or she knows or
should know that this course of conduct would cause a reasonable person to fear for his or her
safety *** or suffer emotional distress.” 740 ILCS 21/10 (West 2022). “ ‘Course of conduct’
means 2 or more acts, including but not limited to acts in which a respondent *** follows,
monitors, observes, surveils, or threatens a person, *** engages in other contact, or interferes
with or damages a person’s property or pet.” Id. § 10. “Nothing in the Act requires the passage of
any amount of time between ‘acts.’ ” Coutant v. Durell, 2021 IL App (3d) 210255, ¶ 80.
“ ‘Contact’ includes any contact with the victim, that is initiated or continued without the
victim’s consent, *** including *** approaching or confronting the victim in a public place.”
740 ILCS 21/10 (West 2022). “A victim does not need to contact her stalker to inform him or her
that the contact is unwanted.” Piester v. Escobar, 2015 IL App (3d) 140457, ¶ 12. “The focus is
on whether the stalker’s behavior would cause a reasonable person to be fearful for her safety or
to suffer emotional distress.” Id. The court shall issue a stalking no contact order if it finds the
petitioner has been a victim of stalking. 740 ILCS 21/80 (West 2022). The petitioner is required
to prove stalking by a preponderance of the evidence. Piester, 2015 IL App (3d) 140457, ¶ 12.
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The decision to issue a stalking no contact order will only be reversed if it is against the manifest
weight of the evidence. Id. “A finding is against the manifest weight of the evidence only if the
opposite conclusion is clearly apparent or if the finding itself is unreasonable, arbitrary, or not
based on the evidence presented.” Nicholson v. Wilson, 2013 IL App (3d) 110517, ¶ 22.
¶ 16 Here, the court found that there were two or more acts to constitute a course of conduct as
required under the Act. We cannot say that this finding was against the manifest weight of the
evidence. Specifically, the course of conduct includes nonconsensual contact, including
approaching or confronting the victim in a public place. Here, the parties encountered each other
in a public place, a store. The testimony indicates that there were multiple times that respondent
confronted petitioner. Both parties testified as to the initial contact when respondent called
petitioner’s name and began making statements about her husband. Petitioner attempted to walk
away, indicating the contact was unwanted, but respondent herself testified that she continued to
confront petitioner by making statements about her husband. Petitioner testified that respondent
again confronted her with statements about her husband, which made petitioner walk away from
her cart and call the police. Respondent testified that she made statements to petitioner while
respondent was at the self-checkout area, again confronting petitioner regarding her husband.
She admitted that petitioner never spoke to her. Finally, respondent admitted that she recorded
petitioner. As the court concluded in Coutant, the Act does not require any passage of time
between acts. Thus, although the acts were in close proximity, they were distinct acts.
¶ 17 As to respondent’s allegations that her conduct was protected by free speech, we note that
this argument is largely undeveloped. See e.g., Obert v. Saville, 253 Ill. App. 3d 677, 682 (1993)
(“A reviewing court is entitled to have issues clearly defined with pertinent authority cited and
cohesive arguments presented [citation], and it is not a repository into which an appellant may
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foist the burden of argument and research.”). Essentially, respondent asserts that free speech is
not prohibited under the Act and cursing is not harassment, but fails to articulate how her
conduct in confronting petitioner multiple times was protected free speech. See Henby v. White,
2016 IL App (5th) 140407, ¶ 26 (“When words are a component of the stalking behavior, then
the speech does not fall within constitutional protections.”). We note that respondent refers to the
Rights of Crime Victims and Witnesses Act (725 ILCS 120/1 et. seq.) but fails to cite to any
specific provision that would protect her conduct in this case or otherwise argue how it is
applicable. Based on the foregoing, respondent has failed to show that her conduct was protected
free speech.
¶ 18 The court’s findings were obviously based on its observations of the parties, their
testimony, and the court’s assessment of their demeanor and credibility. We, as the reviewing
court, defer to the trial court’s assessment of demeanor and credibility, as the court directly
observed such testimony in person, in open court. See In re Marriage of Manker, 375 Ill. App.
3d 465, 477 (2007) (“A reviewing court will defer to the trial court’s findings because the trial
court, ‘by virtue of its ability to actually observe the conduct and demeanor of witnesses, is in the
best position to assess their credibility.’ ”) (quoting In re Commitment of Sandry, 367 Ill. App. 3d
949, 980 (2006)).
¶ 19 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 20 The judgment of the circuit court of La Salle County is affirmed.
¶ 21 Affirmed.
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