07/13/2021
DA 19-0632
Case Number: DA 19-0632
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2021 MT 171N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
v.
FILED
JUL 1 3 2021
GREGORY M. SMITH,
Bovven Greenwood
Clerk of Supreme Court
State of Montana
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighteenth Judicial District,
In and For the County of Gallatin, Cause No. DC-18-348
Honorable Rienne H. McElyea, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Suzanne C. Marshall, Suzanne Marshall Law, P.C., Bozernan, Montana
For Appellee:
Austin Knudsen, Montana Attomey General, Michael P. Dougherty,
Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Marty Lambert, Gallatin County Attorney, Eric Kitzmiller, Deputy County
Attorney, Bozeman, Montana
Subrnitted on Briefs: April 7, 2021
Decided: July 13, 2021
Filed:
Clerk
Justice James Jeremiah Shea delivered the Opinion of the Court.
Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion, shall not be cited and does not serve
as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court's
quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Gregory J. Smith appeals from the jury verdict and sentencing order of the
Eighteenth Judicial District Court, Gallatin County, committing Srnith to the Department
of Corrections following his felony conviction ofstalking, in violation of§ 45-5-220, MCA
(2017). Smith argues the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to support his
conviction. We affirm.
¶3 Smith was charged with felony stalking pursuant to § 45-5-220, MCA (2017), after
following Molly Schroeder Busby (Busby), his ex-girlfriend, in violation of an order of
protection. Busby obtained an order of protection in April 2018. The order of protection
prohibited Smith from contacting Busby or being within 300 feet of Busby or her vehicle.
¶4 On August 31, 2018, Busby reported to the Bozeman Police Department that Smith
had violated the order of protection. Busby reported that she observed Smith in his parked
vehicle after she made a purchase at Town Purnp. She reported that Smith followed her
out of the Town Pump parking lot, and that she feared for her safety. At trial, Busby
testified she felt "scared to death" and started shaking when she saw Srnith in the Town
Purnp parking lot. Busby testified that she sped out of the parking lot and started to turn
down various streets to avoid taking her normal route home.
2
The surveillance video from Town Pump showed a silver Dodge Rarn truck enter
the parking lot through the same entrance that Busby entered moments earlier. The truck
parked halfway in a spot, rernained there for a few seconds, and backed fully into another
parking spot. The truck then quickly followed Busby's vehicle out of the parking lot
without headlights on even though it was dark. Busby reported to law enforcernent that
the man in the truck resembled Smith.
¶6 Before arriving at Town Pump, Busby ran errands at Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart's
surveillance video displayed Busby's vehicle drive into the parking lot and Busby enter the
store. Several minutes later, the truck entered the parking lot and stopped directly behind
Busby's vehicle. The truck then parked in a new location, several spaces away from
Busby's vehicle. Law enforcement observed that it appeared the truck was in a position to
monitor Busby's vehicle. The driver did not get out of the truck.
¶7 When Busby returned to her vehicle, the truck moved to a different parking space.
When Busby left the Wal-Mart parking lot through the Oak Street exit, the truck followed
her through the same exit. After watching the surveillance video, Busby thought the rnale
in the truck looked like Smith and that the truck resembled Srnith's vehicle.
¶8 On September 10, 2018, law enforcement contacted Srnith by phone. Smith
expressed he was aware of Busby's order of protection. Smith admitted he was at
Wal-Mart to buy groceries. Smith indicated he did not leave Town Pump after he became
aware Busby was also at Town Pump.
¶9 Busby testified at Smith's trial that she "felt very violated" after discovering that
Smith had been watching her. When Busby became aware Smith was following her, she
3
bought pepper spray, enrolled in concealed carry class, installed a home security system,
and used different routes to drive home. After the State rested its case-in-chief, Smith
moved to dismiss the case on insufficient evidence grounds. The District Court denied the
motion. The jury convicted Smith of stalking.
¶10 Insufficient evidence claims are reviewed de novo. State v. Bekemans,2013 MT 11,
¶ 18, 368 Mont. 235, 293 P.3d 843. On appeal, we determine whether, after viewing the
evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier offact could have
found the essential elernents of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Fleming,
2019 MT 237, ¶ 12, 397 Mont. 345, 449 P.3d 1234. "It is within the province of the jury
to weigh the evidence based on the credibility of the witnesses and to determine which
version of events should prevail." Fleming, ¶ 12 (citing State v. Weigand, 2005 MT 201,
¶ 7, 328 Mont. 198, 119 P.3d 74). The jury's deterrnination regarding disputed questions
of fact and credibility will not be disturbed on appeal. State v. Rennaker, 2007 MT 10,
¶ 16, 335 Mont. 274, 150 P.3d 960. We review a jury's verdict to determine whether
sufficient evidence exists to support the verdict, not whether the evidence could have
supported a different result. Fleming, ¶ 12(citing Weigand, ¶ 7).
¶11 A person comrnits the offense of stalking if the person "purposely or knowingly
causes another person substantial emotional distress or reasonable apprehension of bodily
injury or death by repeatedly: (a) following the stalked person; or (b) harassing,
threatening, or intimidating the stalked person, in person or by mail, electronic
communication . . . or any other action, device, or method." Section 45-5-220(1), MCA
(2017). Once the defendant has been given actual notice the stalked person does not want
4
to be followed or contacted, any further attempts by the defendant to contact or follow the
stalked person constitute prirna facie evidence that the defendant purposely or knowingly
followed, harassed, threatened, or intirnidated the stalked person. Section 45-5-220(6),
MCA (2017); State v. Yuhas, 2010 MT 223, ¶ 8, 358 Mont. 27, 243 P.3d 409.
¶12 Whether the stalked person has suffered substantial emotional distress is measured
by a reasonable person standard as to whether, when faced with the sarne conduct, a
reasonable person would experience substantial ernotional distress. Yuhas, ¶ 9. The
stalked person does not need to rnanifest physical symptoms to establish substantial
emotional distress. Yuhas, ¶ 9.
¶13 "A repeated action is one that happens more than once." Yuhas, ¶ 10. Intimidation
consists of making the person being stalked timid or frightened. Yuhas, ¶ 10.
¶14 After viewing the evidence in the light rnost favorable to the prosecution, any
rational trier of fact could have found Srnith cornmitted the essential elernents of stalking
beyond a reasonable doubt.
¶15 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of our
Internal Operating Rules, which provides for memorandum opinions. This appeal presents
no constitutional issues, no issues of first impression, and does not establish new precedent
or rnodify existing precedent. Affirmed.
5
We
Concur:
Jus ee
tices
6