COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges McClanahan, Haley and Petty
Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia
CLINTON JOSEPH BANKS
MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v. Record No. 2987-07-1 JUDGE ELIZABETH A. McCLANAHAN
JANUARY 27, 2009
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH
A. Joseph Canada, Jr., Judge
Annette Miller, Senior Assistant Public Defender (Office of the
Public Defender, on brief), for appellant.
Kathleen B. Martin, Senior Assistant Attorney General
(Robert F. McDonnell, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Clinton Joseph Banks appeals his conviction for grand larceny of a tire and rim from a
vehicle. He argues the evidence was insufficient because the Commonwealth failed to prove the
value of the tire and rim was $200 or greater at the time it was stolen and that he was the
criminal agent who stole the tire and rim.
I. BACKGROUND
We review the evidence in the “light most favorable” to the Commonwealth as the
prevailing party below. Commonwealth v. Hudson, 265 Va. 505, 514, 578 S.E.2d 781, 786 (2003)
(citations omitted). That principle requires us to “discard the evidence of the accused in conflict
with that of the Commonwealth, and regard as true all the credible evidence favorable to the
Commonwealth and all fair inferences that may be drawn therefrom.” Kelly v. Commonwealth, 41
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
Va. App. 250, 254, 584 S.E.2d 444, 446 (2003) (en banc) (internal quotation marks and citations
omitted).
One evening, a tire and rim were stolen from a vehicle owned by Jamel Roberts while the
vehicle was at a Meineke muffler shop in Virginia Beach where Roberts had previously left it for
repairs. Roberts testified he purchased tires and rims for his vehicle three years earlier for a total of
$3,100. According to Roberts, he drove this vehicle to work on a regular basis and the rims had not
been damaged in any way since his purchase of them.
On the afternoon of the day the tire and rim were stolen, Banks, a regular Meineke
customer, was on the shop premises to discuss problems with one of his vehicles. The Meineke
store manager testified that when he closed the shop that evening, all of the tires and rims were on
Roberts’ vehicle. Shortly after midnight, Officer Charles W. Nash was dispatched to the Meineke
shop in response to an anonymous tip that someone was stealing tires from a vehicle behind the
business. When Officer Nash arrived, Banks was walking fifty or sixty feet from the back driveway
of the shop. This location was not near Banks’ home and although there were some nightclubs in
that vicinity, Banks was not walking in that direction. Officer Nash approached Banks but did not
arrest him at that time.
At approximately 3:30 a.m., the police discovered a four-way lug wrench and some small
chrome lug nuts in the trunk of a vehicle stopped at a Shell station and in which Banks was an
occupant. None of these items belonged to the vehicle, which was owned by Banks’ wife and
ordinarily driven either by Mrs. Banks, Banks, or Mrs. Banks’ son. Mrs. Banks testified she had
never before seen the lug wrench found by the police in the vehicle, which she had owned for about
thirty days.
Later in the morning after Mrs. Banks returned home, she could not find her key to a locked
shed in the back of her house. She testified that only she, her landlord, and her son had a key to the
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shed. When Mrs. Banks asked Banks if he knew where her key was, he told her he had the key and
gave it to her. Upon opening the shed, Mrs. Banks discovered the stolen tire and rim and contacted
Officer Nash.
II. ANALYSIS
On appeal, Banks argues the evidence was insufficient to prove the value of the stolen
tire and rim was $200 or greater and that he was the criminal agent who stole the tire and rim.
Although proof that stolen items have some value will sustain a conviction for petit larceny, to
convict Banks of grand larceny, the Commonwealth was required to prove the value of the stolen
property was at least $200. See Code § 18.2-95(ii); Britt v. Commonwealth, 276 Va. 569, 574,
667 S.E.2d 763, 766 (2008). “This statutorily specified amount is an essential element of the
offense, and the burden is upon the Commonwealth to establish that element by proof beyond a
reasonable doubt.” Robinson v. Commonwealth, 258 Va. 3, 5, 516 S.E.2d 475, 476 (1999). The
relevant value is the “current value” of the stolen items, Dunn v. Commonwealth, 222 Va. 704,
705, 284 S.E.2d 792, 792 (1981) (per curiam), “measured as of the time of the theft,” Parker v.
Commonwealth, 254 Va. 118, 121, 489 S.E.2d 482, 483 (1997). Although the original purchase
price of an item is some evidence of its current value, there must be “due allowance for elements
of depreciation” to reflect the “effect[s] of age and wear and tear on the value of an item.” Dunn,
222 Va. at 705, 284 S.E.2d at 792.
We agree with Banks the evidence was not sufficient to prove the value of the stolen tire
and rim was at least $200. Even if the evidence was sufficient for the trial court to infer an
original cost of the stolen tire and rim based on the total amount paid for all four tires and rims,
the evidence did not provide the trial court with sufficient information to determine the condition
or age of the tires and rims on the purchase date or to account for any depreciation in the value of
the stolen tire and rim. Although Roberts testified the rims had not been damaged since their
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purchase three years prior to the theft, there was no evidence regarding the effects of age and
ordinary wear and tear on the rims, and in particular the rim that was stolen. And there was no
evidence at all regarding the condition of the tires or wear and tear on them at the time the tire
was stolen. 1 Therefore, the evidence of value was insufficient to support Banks’ conviction of
grand larceny.
Banks also argues the evidence was insufficient to prove he was the criminal agent who
committed the larceny of the tire and rim. Because Banks has successfully challenged the
sufficiency of the evidence as to the value required for a grand larceny conviction, we must
determine whether the evidence was sufficient to sustain a conviction of the lesser-included
offense of petit larceny. See Crowder v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 658, 666, 588 S.E.2d 384,
388 (2003). Larceny has been defined as “the wrongful or fraudulent taking of another’s
property without his permission and with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of that
property.” Britt, 276 Va. at 574, 667 S.E.2d at 765. Banks was seen on the Meineke premises
on the afternoon before the theft and discovered by police near the premises on the evening of
the theft. He was later found by police to be in his wife’s vehicle, which contained a lug nut
wrench and chrome lug nuts not belonging to that vehicle and which had never been seen before
by Banks’ wife. Banks had his wife’s key to the locked shed on the property where he lived and
in which the stolen tire and rim were found. Thus, the circumstantial evidence was sufficient to
prove Banks was the criminal agent who took Roberts’ tire and rim “without his permission and
with the intent to permanently deprive [Roberts] of that property.” Id. “Circumstantial
evidence[,] when sufficiently convincing, is entitled to the same weight as direct evidence.”
1
While the Commonwealth may have presumed the value of the rims substantially
exceeded the value of the tires when it elicited testimony from Roberts as to whether only the
rims had been damaged, no such inference can be made particularly in the absence of evidence
regarding the cost and condition of the tires alone.
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Riner v. Commonwealth, 268 Va. 296, 303-04, 601 S.E.2d 555, 558-59 (2004) (citing Derr v.
Commonwealth, 242 Va. 413, 424, 410 S.E.2d 662, 668 (1991); Epperly v. Commonwealth, 224
Va. 214, 228, 294 S.E.2d 882, 890 (1982)).
For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the trial court’s judgment and vacate the conviction of
grand larceny. We remand the case to the trial court solely for imposition of a new sentence on the
lesser-included offense of petit larceny since both parties have consented to such relief.
Commonwealth v. South, 272 Va. 1, 630 S.E.2d 318 (2006); cf. Britt, 276 Va. 569, 667 S.E.2d 763.
Reversed and remanded.
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