NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
2007-1216
AMERICAN SIGNATURE, INC.,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
UNITED STATES
Defendant-Appellee,
and
AMERICAN FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS COMMITTEE FOR LEGAL TRADE,
CABINET MAKERS, MILLMEN, AND INDUSTRIAL CARPENTERS LOCAL 721,
CARPENTERS INDUSTRIAL UNION LOCAL 2093,
IUE INDUSTRIAL DIVISION OF CWA LOCAL 82472,
TEAMSTERS, CHAUFFEURS, WAREHOUSEMEN, AND HELPERS LOCAL 991,
UBC SOUTHERN COUNCIL OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS LOCAL 2305,
UNITED STEEL WORKERS OF AMERICA LOCAL 193U,
and VAUGHAN-BASSETT FURNITURE COMPANY, INC.,
Defendants-Appellees.
Mark E. Pardo, Grunfeld, Desiderio, Lebowitz, Silverman & Klestadt LLP, of
Washington, DC, argued for plaintiff-appellant. With him on the brief was William F.
Marshall, of New York, New York.
Michael J. Dierberg, Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division,
United States Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, argued for defendant-
appellee, United States. On the brief were Peter D. Keisler, Acting Attorney General,
Jeanne E. Davidson, Director, Patricia M. McCarthy, Assistant Director, and Michael D.
Panzera, Attorney. Of counsel on the brief was Natasha C. Robinson, Attorney, Office
of Chief Counsel for Import Administration, United States Department of Commerce, of
Washington, DC.
J. Michael Taylor, King & Spalding LLP, of Washington, DC, argued for
defendants-appellees, American Furniture Manufacturers Committee for Legal Trade, et
al.
Appealed from: United States Court of International Trade
Judge Donald C. Pogue
Note: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
2007-1216
AMERICAN SIGNATURE, INC.,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
UNITED STATES,
Defendant-Appellee,
and
AMERICAN FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS COMMITTEE FOR LEGAL TRADE,
CABINET MAKERS, MILLMEN, AND INDUSTRIAL CARPENTERS LOCAL 721,
CARPENTERS INDUSTRIAL UNION LOCAL 2093,
IUE INDUSTRIAL DIVISION OF CWA LOCAL 82472,
TEAMSTERS, CHAUFFEURS, WAREHOUSEMEN, AND HELPERS LOCAL 991,
UBC SOUTHERN COUNCIL OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS LOCAL 2305,
UNITED STEEL WORKERS OF AMERICA LOCAL 193U,
and VAUGHAN-BASSETT FURNITURE COMPANY, INC.,
Defendants-Appellees.
___________________________
DECIDED: November 30, 2007
___________________________
Before RADER, Circuit Judge, PLAGER, Senior Circuit Judge, and MOORE, Circuit
Judge.
MOORE, Circuit Judge.
American Signature, Inc. (ASI) appeals from a decision of the Court of
International Trade dismissing ASI’s complaint for lack of jurisdiction. American
Signature, Inc. v. United States, 477 F. Supp. 2d 1281 (Ct. Int’l Trade 2007). We
reverse the trial court’s dismissal and remand for further proceedings consistent with
this opinion.
BACKGROUND
In December 2003, Commerce initiated an antidumping duty investigation of
wooden bedroom furniture from the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Due to
ministerial errors, a few months after publishing its preliminary determination of cash
deposit rates, Commerce published an amended preliminary determination to correct
those errors (the rate went from 19.24% to 11.85%). Accordingly, Commerce issued
revised instructions to Customs to collect cash deposits at the amended rates, but only
for entries on or after the date of publication of the amended preliminary determination.
Fairmont Designs, an importer of wooden bedroom furniture from the PRC, submitted
case briefing requesting that Commerce make its instructions to Customs retroactive to
the date that the preliminary determination was published. In its final determination,
Commerce calculated final antidumping margin rates and stated that parties who
wished to “obtain accurate assessment of duties where they believe there is a
difference between the deposit of estimated antidumping duties and final assessment of
antidumping duties” should do so through an administrative review process. Again,
Commerce’s rate determination was erroneous. Recognizing the errors, Commerce
issued an amended final determination reducing the rate from 16.70% to 7.87%.
However, in its liquidation instructions, issued according to the “automatic assessment”
provision of 19 C.F.R. § 351.212(c)(1), Commerce directed Customs to assess duties at
the cash deposit rates in effect at the time of entry. As a result, for entries between the
date of the preliminary determination and the amended preliminary determination, and
2007-1216 2
for entries between the date of the final determination and the amended final
determination, duties were assessed at the cash deposit rates erroneously calculated
by Commerce. In short, although Commerce admitted errors in its calculated dumping
margins, it did not correct for the overpayment of cash deposits when it issued
liquidation instructions.
ASI, an importer of wooden bedroom furniture from the PRC, brought suit against
the government in the Court of International Trade pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i)(4),
challenging the failure of Commerce’s liquidation instructions to retroactively apply the
reduced margin rates and reimburse for cash deposit overpayments. The trial court
dismissed the claim for lack of subject matter jurisdiction concluding that jurisdiction
under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i)(4) was improper. The true nature of ASI’s claim, according to
the trial court, was a challenge to Commerce’s underlying final determination and as
such it should have been filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c). We have jurisdiction
over this appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(5).
ANALYSIS
We review the decision of the Court of International Trade to dismiss this case for
lack of jurisdiction de novo. See Juice Farms, Inc. v. United States, 68 F.3d 1344, 1345
(Fed. Cir. 1995). 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i)(4) confers jurisdiction upon the Court of
International Trade for claims against the United States arising out of any law providing
for “administration and enforcement” with respect to, among others, the imposition of
import duties.
In Consolidated Bearings Co. v. United States, we held that liquidation
instructions concern the administration and enforcement of Commerce’s final
2007-1216 3
determination and are therefore properly reviewed under § 1581(i)(4). 348 F.3d 997,
1002-03 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (“[A]n action challenging Commerce’s liquidation instructions is
not a challenge to the final results, but a challenge to the ‘administration and
enforcement’ of those final results.”).
The government alleges that the true nature of ASI’s claim is a challenge to
Commerce’s underlying final determination, not the liquidation instructions, given that
Commerce rejected Fairmont Designs’ request for retroactive application of the
amended deposit rates. According to the government, ASI’s claim should have been
brought under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c), which confers jurisdiction on the Court of
International Trade for adjudicating final reviewable determinations under 19 U.S.C. §
1516a. Because § 1581(i) is a residual jurisdictional provision that is not available when
claims are properly brought under other jurisdictional provisions, and because ASI’s 30-
day statutory time limit for bringing a claim under § 1581(c) has passed, the government
argues that ASI’s claim must be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.
We do not agree. The mere fact that Commerce addressed the implementation
of antidumping rates in its final determination does not make the implementation itself a
reviewable determination under § 1516a. The true nature of ASI’s claim remains a
challenge to Commerce’s liquidation instructions. In light of Consolidated Bearings, we
reverse the trial court’s dismissal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and remand this
case for further proceedings.
2007-1216 4