Fourth Court of Appeals
San Antonio, Texas
MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-14-00485-CV
IN RE Maria Del Socorro GONZALEZ and Cesario Gonzalez
Original Mandamus Proceeding 1
Opinion by: Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
Sitting: Karen Angelini, Justice
Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice
Delivered and Filed: October 1, 2014
PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS CONDITIONALLY GRANTED
On July 8, 2014, relators Maria Del Socorro Gonzalez and Cesario Gonzalez filed a petition
for writ of mandamus, complaining of the trial court’s order granting the paternal grandparents
possession and access to the child the subject of the relators’ underlying petition for adoption. We
conclude the trial court lacked jurisdiction to enter the challenged order, which is therefore void.
We conditionally grant mandamus relief.
BACKGROUND
Relators filed an original petition for adoption of their grandson in August 2011. Their
daughter, the child’s mother, died from injuries sustained in a car accident in December 2007. The
child’s father also died as a result of the same accident. In 2009, relator Maria Gonzalez, the child’s
1
This proceeding arises out of Cause No. 7,848, styled In the Interest of C.J.T., a Child, pending in the 49th Judicial
District Court, Zapata County, Texas, the Honorable H. Paul Canales presiding.
04-14-00485-CV
maternal grandmother, was appointed the child’s permanent guardian. The child has continued to
reside with his maternal grandparents since that time.
The child’s paternal grandmother, Irma Perez-Chapa, filed a general denial in response to
the relators’ adoption petition. The paternal grandfather, Francisco Tovar, also filed a general
denial, objected to the assignment of an associate judge and objected to the adoption. In September
2012, approximately one week before the adoption was scheduled for final hearing, Perez-Chapa
filed an intervention in the adoption proceeding in which she sought for the first time an order
granting her possession of and access to the child. Three days later, Tovar filed a motion for
grandparent access in the adoption proceeding, requesting an order granting him possession of and
access to the child. Relators filed motions to strike or dismiss both Perez-Chapa’s intervention and
Tovar’s motion for access.
At a hearing on November 2, 2012, the trial court, on its own motion, again postponed
hearing the merits of relators’ adoption petition, the motions to strike or dismiss the paternal
grandparents’ requests for access, and “other pending motions.” Instead, the trial court issued
temporary orders allowing the paternal grandparents some access to the child and requiring the
parties to attend counseling.
The record submitted in this mandamus proceeding does not reflect what occurred between
November 2012 and March 2014. Fiats signed in February and March 2014 set the paternal
grandparents’ requests for access and relators’ motions to strike or dismiss those requests for
hearing in April. The reporter’s record from a hearing on May 29, 2014, reflects that the parties
entered into an agreement on some issues. Counsel for relators represented to the trial court at the
hearing that he had submitted for the court’s signature a proposed amended order denying the
adoption petition and “making it an appealable order.” The trial court acknowledged signing the
proposed order on the record, explaining his handwritten notation on the order to read, “[t]his order
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is appealable.” Counsel for the paternal grandfather also noted for the record that he would be
withdrawing and refiling his motion for grandparent access, “to avoid the objection that statutorily
the court cannot hear that motion because it was pending when the adoption was pending.” In
exchange, counsel for relators agreed to accept service on his clients’ behalf “for whatever refiling
should happen.” The court indicated that the parties were to return on June 27 for a hearing on all
pending motions.
The order signed by the trial court on May 29 is titled “Amended Order Denying
Adoption.” 2 It recites that the case was heard on November 8, 2013, with all parties appearing and
announcing ready for trial. The order denies relators’ petition for adoption and states, “IT IS
ORDERED that all relief requested in this case and not expressly granted is denied.” Next to this
paragraph is the trial court’s initialed handwritten notation, “This order is appealable.” Relators
filed a notice of appeal from the May 29 order on June 20, 2014. 3
As referenced at the hearing, the trial court issued a notice of hearing on June 13 advising
the parties that the case was set for hearing on June 27 on “pending motions.” Counsel for relators
sent a letter to the judge on June 25 advising that a hearing was not needed because all relief not
expressly granted in the case had been denied by the May 29 order, the paternal grandparents’
requests for access had been withdrawn, and the motion to strike or dismiss those requests had
been rendered moot by the May 29 order. The trial court convened the hearing on June 27. Counsel
for the paternal grandparents appeared, but counsel for relators did not.
At the hearing, the paternal grandparents re-urged their requests for access in the adoption
proceeding, asserting that relators had breached the parties’ agreement by raising objections to the
2
Despite being called an “amended order,” the record does not reflect any prior written order denying the adoption.
3
Relators’ appeal in Cause No. 04-14-00621-CV, styled In the Interest of C.J.T., a Child, is currently pending in this
court.
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paternal grandparents’ new pleadings filed in new cause numbers. 4 The paternal grandparents
asserted that, as a result, their intervention and motion for grandparent access filed in the adoption
were still “live pleadings” and requested rulings from the court, because the court “has already
denied the adoption.”
The trial court granted the paternal grandparents’ requests for possession and access
without hearing any evidence and signed an order dated June 27, 2014, essentially giving the
paternal grandparents, who apparently do not reside together, shared standard possession of the
child. Relators filed this original mandamus proceeding asserting the trial court abused its
discretion in awarding possession and access to the paternal grandparents in the absence of
standing. This court granted a temporary stay preventing the enforcement of the June 27 order and
requesting a response to the mandamus petition on July 9, 2014. No response to the petition has
been filed.
ANALYSIS
“The Texas Legislature has provided a comprehensive statutory framework for standing in
the context of suits involving the parent-child relationship.” In re H.G., 267 S.W.3d 120, 124 (Tex.
App.—San Antonio 2008, pet. denied); see TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 102.002-.006 (West 2014).
Texas Family Code section 102.004, which governs grandparent standing, specifically provides
that “[p]ossession of or access to a child by a grandparent is governed by the standards established
by Chapter 153.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 102.004(c) (West 2014).
Section 153.434 provides:
4
The paternal grandparents each filed separate original petitions for grandparent access in Zapata County district court
after the May 29 hearing. Counsel for relators accepted service of these petitions on relators’ behalf without citation.
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A biological or adoptive grandparent may not request possession of or access to a
grandchild if: (1) each of the biological parents of the grandchild has: (A) died;
. . . and (2) the grandchild has been adopted, or is the subject of a pending suit for
adoption, by a person other than the child’s stepparent.
TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 153.434 (West 2014) (emphasis added).
This court has previously held that Section 153.434 provides a statutory bar to a
grandparent’s standing to seek possession and access in the precise circumstances present at the
time Perez-Chapa and Tovar brought their requests for relief. H.G., 267 S.W.3d at 124, 126. In
Chapter 153, the Legislature has established “a bright line before which a grandparent’s request
for access of a grandchild may be made and after which it may not.” Bowers v. Matula, 943 S.W.2d
536, 539 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, no writ).
It is undisputed that both of the child’s parents were dead and that a suit for his adoption
was pending at the time Perez-Chapa’s intervention and Tovar’s motion for grandparent access
were filed in September 2012. Accordingly, the paternal grandparents lacked standing to bring
their requests for possession and access. H.G., 267 S.W.3d at 126.
Standing is a component of subject matter jurisdiction. Tex. Ass’n of Bus. v. Tex. Air
Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440, 444-45 (Tex. 1993). “An absence of standing deprives the trial court
of subject matter jurisdiction and renders any trial court action void.” H.G., 267 S.W.3d at 125
(citing Taub v. Aquila S.W. Pipeline Corp., 93 S.W.3d 451, 461 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
2002, no pet.)).
The paternal grandparents appear to argue that the trial court’s order denying the adoption
petition somehow conferred standing because the adoption of the child was no longer pending. We
disagree. Section 153.434 precludes a grandparent’s standing to request possession or access under
certain conditions. The paternal grandparents did not plead any valid statutory basis for their
standing to seek possession and access to the child, nor have they directed this court to any. The
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trial court’s denial of the adoption petition on May 29, 2014, cannot operate to confer standing
with respect to their requests filed in September 2012. Nor does the denial of the adoption petition
mean that the child is no longer “the subject of a pending suit for adoption.” An appeal from the
trial court’s order denying the adoption is currently pending in this court. The suit for adoption
will remain “pending” until that appeal has been fully and finally resolved, or it is otherwise
dismissed in the trial court. See, e.g., In re Gonzalez, 981 S.W.2d 313, 314 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 1998, pet. denied) (holding trial court retains jurisdiction to do certain things in suit
affecting parent-child relationship during the pendency of an appeal); see also TEX. FAM. CODE
ANN. § 109.001 (West 2014) (absent being superseded by appellate court order, trial court retains
jurisdiction to enforce its orders during pending appeal).
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing analysis, we conclude the paternal grandparents lacked standing to
request possession of or access to the child in this instance. See H.G., 267 S.W.3d at 126. In the
absence of standing, the trial court lacked jurisdiction to grant the paternal grandparents’ requests
for possession and access. The trial court’s June 27, 2014 order granting the requested access is
void. Accordingly, we conditionally grant the petition for writ of mandamus and direct the trial
court to vacate the June 27 order. 5 See In re Sw. Bell Tel. Co., 35 S.W.3d 602, 605 (Tex. 2009)
(mandamus proper if trial court issues order beyond its jurisdiction). The writ will issue only if the
trial court fails to comply within ten days from the date of this court’s order.
Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
5
Because the trial court’s May 29 Amended Order Denying Adoption includes, “all relief requested in this case and
not expressly granted is denied,” we conclude relators’ request that the trial court also be directed to enter an order
granting relators’ motions to strike or dismiss the paternal grandparents’ requests for relief is moot.
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