Travis County, Texas TJFA, LP And Northeast Neighbors Coalition v. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and Waste Management of Texas, Inc.

In The
Court of Appeals
Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo

No. 07-12-00457-CV

TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS; TJFA, LP; AND NORTHEAST
NEIGHBORS COALITION, APPELLANTS

V.

TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT OF TEXAS, INC., APPELLEES

On Appeal from the 126th District Court
Travis County, Texas
Trial Court No. D-1-GN-10-001826, Honorable Stephen Yelenosky, Presiding

April 29, 2014

MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and PIRTLE, JJ.

This is a suit for judicial review of the order of appellee Texas Commission on

Environmental Quality, modifying appellee Waste Management of Texas, Inc.’s solid-

waste-disposal permit. Appellants Travis County, TJFA, LP, and Northeast Neighbors

Coalition (NNC) appeal from the district court’s judgment affirming the order of the

Commission. We will affirm the district court’s judgment.
 Background

The Commission’s order under appeal permitted expansion of the Austin

Community Landfill (ACL), which is an existing Type I Municipal Solid Waste Disposal

Landfill consisting of 288.6 acres located at 9900 Giles Road, approximately 250 feet

north of the intersection of Giles Road and US Highway 290 in Travis County. This

landfill was first permitted to accept waste in 1970. The property contains a section of

the landfill, the Industrial Waste Unit (IWU), which accepted industrial waste in the early

1970s. The landfill property is bordered on the south by the closed Travis County

Landfill, and on the north by the Sunset Farms Landfill, which is scheduled to cease

accepting waste on November 1, 2015. Waste Management requested a permit

amendment through application MSW No. 249D to expand the landfill laterally by

adding 71.11 acres to the existing permitted boundary, increasing the total permitted

area to 359.71 acres. Waste Management’s amendment request contemplates

maintaining the current maximum elevation of 740 feet above mean sea level. The

proposed lateral expansion would increase the permitted disposal capacity from

26,679,840 cubic yards to approximately 39,137,000 cubic yards. This would extend

the waste disposal life of the landfill to 2025.

Access to the landfill is provided by a site entrance road on Giles Lane. Traffic

counts at the driveway and Giles Lane show that the landfill currently generates 390

vehicles per day. Based on annual growth rates from the Capital Area Council of

Governments’1 Regional Solid Waste Management Plan, traffic is expected to increase

1
Capital Area Council of Governments is the regional solid waste planning
agency for a ten-county region including Travis County.
2
to 667 vehicles per day by 2025. Authorized waste currently being accepted at the

landfill amounts to approximately 447,658 tons per year. Waste Management’s plan

proposes acceptance of 673,183 tons per year of authorized waste by the final full year

of site operations.

An administrative hearing on the merits of the permit for expansion was held

March 30 through April 13, 2009. The administrative law judge (ALJ) issued the

proposal for decision (PFD) and proposed order on July 21, 2009. The ALJ submitted a

revised proposed order and explanatory letter on September 8, 2009, followed by an

additional explanatory letter on September 11, 2009. The Commission issued an

interim order on October 20, 2009, remanding the application to the State Office of

Administrative Hearings and instructing the ALJ to modify specific substantive proposed

findings of fact and conclusions of law. Preliminary and evidentiary hearings on the

remanded issue were held in October and December 2009 and a supplemental PFD

and supplemental proposed order were issued on January 5, 2010. The Commission

approved the application and issued the agency’s final order on March 15, 2010.

Appellants moved for rehearing, and sought judicial review in district court when

their motions for rehearing were denied by operation of law. A hearing in the district

court was held in July 2012. In August 2012, the district court upheld the granting of the

permit to expand the landfill. The district court did find the Commission erred by

directing the ALJ to revise certain proposed findings and conclusions, but concluded the

error was harmless.

3
 Following the district court’s ruling, appellants filed notice of appeal, bringing

several issues before us.

Applicable Law

The substantial-evidence standard of the Texas Administrative Procedure Act

(APA) governs our review of the Commission’s final order. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. §

2001.174 (West 2008). The APA authorizes reversal or remand of an agency’s decision

that prejudices the appellant’s substantial rights because the administrative findings,

inferences, conclusions, or decisions (1) violate a constitutional or statutory provision,

(2) exceed the agency’s statutory authority, (3) were made through unlawful procedure,

(4) are affected by other error of law, or (5) are arbitrary or capricious or characterized

by abuse of discretion or clearly unwarranted exercise of discretion. TEX. GOV’T CODE

ANN. § 2001.174(2)(A)-(D),(F). Otherwise, we may affirm the administrative decision if

we are satisfied that “substantial evidence” exists to support it. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. §

2001.174(1),(2)(E). Instances may arise, however, in which the agency’s action is

supported by substantial evidence, but is nonetheless arbitrary and capricious. Texas

Health Facilities Comm’n v. Charter Med.-Dallas, Inc., 665 S.W.2d 446, 454 (Tex.

1984).

We review the agency’s legal conclusions for errors of law and its factual findings

for support by substantial evidence. Heat Energy Advanced Tech., Inc. v. West Dallas

Coal. for Envtl. Justice, 962 S.W.2d 288, 294-95 (Tex. App.—Austin 1998, pet. denied).

Substantial evidence “does not mean a large or considerable amount of evidence, but

rather such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to

4
support a conclusion of fact.” Lauderdale v. Texas Dep’t of Agric., 923 S.W.2d 834, 836

(Tex. App.—Austin 1996, no writ) (quoting Pierce v. Underwood, 487 U.S. 552, 564-65,

108 S.Ct. 2541, 101 L.Ed.2d 490 (1988) (internal quotation marks omitted)). We

consider the reliable and probative evidence in the record as a whole when testing an

agency’s findings, inferences, conclusions, and decisions to determine whether they are

reasonably supported by substantial evidence. Graff Chevrolet Co. v. Texas Motor

Vehicle Bd., 60 S.W.3d 154, 159 (Tex. App.—Austin 2001, pet. denied); see TEX. GOV’T

CODE ANN. § 2001.174(2)(E) (West 2008).

We presume that the Commission’s order is supported by substantial evidence,

and appellants bear the burden of proving otherwise. Charter Med., 665 S.W.2d at 453.

The burden is a heavy one; even a showing the evidence preponderates against the

agency's decision will not be enough to overcome it, if there is some reasonable basis in

the record for the action taken by the agency. Id. at 452. Our ultimate concern is the

reasonableness of the agency’s order, not its correctness. Firemen’s & Policemen’s

Civil Serv. Comm’n v. Brinkmeyer, 662 S.W.2d 953, 956 (Tex. 1984).

Whether the agency’s order satisfies the substantial-evidence standard is a

question of law. Id. Thus, the district court’s judgment that there was substantial

evidence supporting the Commission’s final order is not entitled to deference on appeal.

Texas Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. Alford, 209 S.W.3d 101, 103 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam).

On appeal from the district court’s judgment, the focus of the appellate court’s review,

as in the district court, is on the agency’s decision. Montgomery Indep. Sch. Dist. v.

Davis, 34 S.W.3d 559, 562 (Tex. 2000); Tave v. Alanis, 109 S.W.3d 890, 893 (Tex.

App.—Dallas 2003, no pet.).

5
 The Legislature has charged the Commission with regulating the management of

solid-waste disposal, and the Commission has adopted rules for issuing permits for

municipal solid-waste disposal facilities. TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. §§ 361.002,

361.011 (West 2010) (establishing purpose of Solid Waste Disposal Act is to safeguard

people’s health, welfare, and physical property and to protect environment by controlling

management of solid waste), (granting powers and duties necessary or convenient to

carrying out responsibilities for managing municipal solid waste). When there is

vagueness, ambiguity, or room for policy determinations in a statute or regulation, we

generally defer to the agency’s interpretation unless it is “plainly erroneous or

inconsistent with the language of the statute, regulation, or rule.” TGS-NOPEC

Geophysical Co. v. Combs, 340 S.W.3d 432, 438 (Tex. 2011). But this deference to the

agency’s interpretation is not conclusive or unlimited; we defer only to the extent that

the agency’s interpretation is reasonable. Id. We construe administrative rules in the

same manner as statutes, using traditional principles of statutory construction. Id.

When we construe administrative rules and statutes, our primary objective is to

give effect to the intent of the issuing agency and Legislature, “which, when possible,

we discern from the plain meaning of the words chosen.” State v. Shumake, 199

S.W.3d 279, 284 (Tex. 2006) (addressing statutory construction); see Rodriguez v.

Service Lloyds Ins. Co., 997 S.W.2d 248, 254 (Tex. 1999) (addressing rule

construction). We consider statutes and rules as a whole rather than their isolated

provisions. TGS-NOPEC, 340 S.W.3d at 438-39. We presume that the Legislature

chooses a statute’s language with care, purposefully choosing each word it includes,

while purposefully omitting words not chosen. Id. The meaning of a statute’s language

6
may be informed by factors that include the law’s objective. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. §

311.023(1) (West 2005); Shumake, 199 S.W.3d at 284.

Analysis

Closure of IWU and Phase I Unit and Sufficiency of Groundwater Monitoring

Through their first and third issues, TJFA and NNC challenge the Commission’s

findings and conclusions regarding Waste Management’s monitoring of groundwater

under the landfill.

The permitted area of the existing ACL includes the IWU, the Phase I Unit, and

the East Hill and West Hill disposal areas. As the Commission’s final order describes it,

the permitted area is in the shape of a rectangle on the east with the proposed

expansion on the west boundary of the rectangle. The East Hill and West Hill disposal

areas, respectively, occupy the east and west ends of the landfill. Bisecting the two

disposal areas is a drainage way flowing across the site from its northern permit

boundary to its southern boundary. Between the two disposal areas is the central area

of the rectangle. The north-south drainage way is situated on its western side. The

IWU is located in the northern part of the central area and the Phase I Unit is located on

the southern side of the central area. Another drainage way bisects the IWU and Phase

I Unit, flowing from the west side of the East Hill westward until it intersects the north-

south drainage way.

Only the West Hill disposal area is receiving waste. The East Hill disposal area

has been filled to final grade and final cover has been installed. No disposal operations

are being conducted in the IWU or the Phase I Unit. The proposed expansion area is
7
located north-northwest of the West Hill. The amendment does not authorize expansion

or additional waste disposal operations for the eastern portion of the West Hill, the East

Hill, the IWU, or the Phase I Unit.

The contentions TJFA and NNC present in support of their first and third issues

focus not on monitoring of groundwater underneath the proposed expansion area of the

West Hill, but on the IWU and the Phase I Unit.

The IWU is a 10.36-acre unit within the ACL permit boundary adjacent to and

southwest of the East Hill area. In 1971, the owner of the ACL began disposing of

industrial waste in the IWU. Permitted disposal of industrial waste in the IWU ended in

1972 when the Texas Water Quality Board issued an order revoking authority to

dispose of industrial waste at the site.

The Phase I Unit, lying adjacent to and immediately south of the IWU, was first

permitted for disposition of municipal solid waste in 1970. Disposal of both municipal

and industrial wastes occurred on the Phase I Unit. Closure operations were conducted

in about 1979.

In summary, TJFA and NNC contend that the groundwater monitoring system

approved by the Commission’s final order “is not capable of monitoring the potential

migration of contaminants because the system ignores Phase I and the IWU on the

mistaken premise that those areas are closed.”

In response, Waste Management contends the Commission’s final order contains

no finding or conclusion that either the IWU or the Phase I Unit has been closed. We

agree with Waste Management. The Commission determined those two units of the

8
ACL are subject to the regulations applicable to “pre-Subtitle D landfill units,” that is,

units that did not receive waste after October 9, 1991.2

Substantial evidence supports the Commission’s findings that the IWU and the

Phase I Unit “stopped receiving waste prior to October 9, 1991,” and appellants do not

contend otherwise.

In 1972 the Texas Water Quality Board required final closure of the IWU.

Closure requirements of the Texas Water Quality Board including excavation of stained

soil, construction of a clay cutoff wall, and construction of a clay cap, were implemented

in February 1973. In April 1981 correspondence, the Texas Department of Water

Resources stated, “The closed industrial portion of the site, inactive since 1972 remains

subject to this Department’s enforcement authority.” Findings of fact and conclusions of

law issued in July 1981 by the Texas Department of Health in conjunction with the

application for permit number 249A included findings that:

Although much was made of the operation of the old industrial waste site
on what is now the area permitted under Permit No. 249, the use of the
portion of 249 and the land in 249-A will not result in disturbance of such
industrial waste as is present on 249.

2
“‘Subtitle D’ refers to EPA-promulgated regulations providing minimum federal
criteria with which all solid-waste landfills must comply.” Waste Mgmt. of Tex. v. Tex.
Disposal Sys. Landfill, Inc., No. 03-10-00826-CV, 2012 Tex. App. LEXIS 4005, at 16 n.4
(Tex. App.—Austin May 18, 2012, pet. granted) (mem. op.) (citing 40 C.F.R. §§ 258.1-
258.75 (2011)). According to the testimony of TJFA witness Rex H. Hunt, P.E., “The
regulatory requirements established by the federal Subtitle D regulations are really the
backbone of all regulations of MSW landfill facilities today.” See 40 C.F.R. § 258.1(c)
(providing minimum national criteria established under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act for MSW landfill units do not apply to municipal solid waste landfill units
that did not receive waste after October 9, 1991).

9
 The areas of 249 which contain such industrial waste were identified and
there is no additional waste to be deposited in those areas.

Robert H. Kier, Ph.D., P.G., testifying for TJFA, described the IWU as “graded

smooth and vegetated” by 1984, but added that soil placement or displacement activity

occurred in the late 1980s and mid-1990s. Based on his comments to aerial

photographs of the ACL, soil may have been stockpiled on the IWU. A July 2000 report

entitled “Human Risk Evaluation Report Closed Industrial Waste Unit” characterized the

landfill cap as “an effective physical control . . . preventing offsite migration of waste

contaminants from the IWU.”

Dr. Kier testified that waste disposal in the Phase I Unit occurred “through at

least 1981 and possibly into 1984.” In an analysis of aerial photographs of the ACL, Dr.

Kier did not note any waste disposal operations in the Phase I Unit after 1979. The

record indicates the Phase I Unit “received waste from about 1971 through 1979.” In

two drawings predating October 9, 1991, Phase I is depicted as “complete” or

“completed.” A June 1997 “landfill gas collection and control system design plan”

states, “[t]he 11.5 acre Phase I area at the south edge of the site has final cover soil in

place and is not planned for further landfill use.” A subsurface evaluation report for the

Phase I Unit prepared in March of 1996 indicates the presence of a compacted clay

cap. A geologic cross-section prepared as part of the application also shows a clay cap

over this area.

Based on its findings the IWU and the Phase I Unit stopped receiving waste

before October 9, 1991, the Commission concluded both units are subject to section

10
330.5(c) of its municipal solid waste (“MSW”) regulations.3 30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE §

330.5(c) provides, in pertinent part:

For MSW landfills that stopped receiving waste before October 9,
1991, . . . the closure provisions of § 330.453 of this title . . . apply. If not
previously submitted, owners or operators shall submit a closure report
that documents that MSW landfill units or unauthorized MSW sites, or
portions thereof, have received final cover.

Implicit in the position taken by TJFA and NNC is an assertion a landfill unit

cannot be subject to § 330.5(c) in the absence of a closure report that documents it has

received final cover. TJFA and NNC argue no evidence shows that such a report was

ever submitted for the IWU or Phase I.

We agree with Waste Management’s contention that the absence of a closure

report (if indeed no such report of “final cover” has been submitted for the IWU and the

Phase I Unit), does not have the effect of disqualifying a landfill unit for treatment under

§ 330.5(c). The plain language of § 330.5(c) does not say as much. And comparison of

the language of § 330.5(c) with that of its following subsection, § 330.5(d), is instructive.

Subsection 330.5(d) applies to MSW landfill units that received waste after October 9,

1991, but stopped receiving waste before October 9, 1993. The subsection requires

3
The Commission’s findings include findings 46 and 48, reading:
46. The IWU stopped accepting waste prior to October 9, 1991; therefore,
the only regulatory requirements that apply to the IWU are the limited
closure and post-closure care provisions of 30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE ANN. §§
330.5, 330.453, and 330.463.

48. The Phase I Unit area stopped accepting waste prior to October 9,
1991; therefore, the only regulatory requirements that apply to the Phase I
Unit area are the limited closure and post-closure care provisions of 30
TEX. ADMIN. CODE ANN. §§ 330.5, 330.453, and 330.463.

11
that “final cover” of the landfill be “installed and certified” pursuant to the applicable

regulatory requirements, and concludes with the provision that owners or operators of

MSW landfill units “that fail to complete cover installation and certification within the time

limits . . . will be subject to all the requirements of these regulations.” 30 TEX. ADMIN.

CODE § 330.5(d).4 That such a provision is missing from § 330.5(c) strongly suggests

that evidence of submission of a closure report is not the sine qua non for classification

of the IWU and Phase I under § 330.5(c).

Neither Waste Management nor the Commission contend on appeal the

Commission’s final order determined that the IWU and the Phase I Unit are closed, and

we agree its findings those units are subject to § 330.5(c) are not the equivalent of

determinations they are closed.5 To the contrary, Waste Management’s brief points out

Permit 249D specifically provides that “[c]losure of the facility shall commence . . .

[u]pon completion of the disposal operations and the site is completely filled.”6 Its brief

continues, “The ‘facility’ and the ‘site’ include not only the IWU and Phase I Unit, but

4
Subsection 330.5(e) addresses MSW landfill units that receive waste on or after
October 9, 1993, requiring that such units “must comply with all requirements of these
regulations, unless otherwise specified.” 30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 330.5(e).
5
Waste Management’s brief on appeal states “. . . TCEQ made no findings or
conclusions regarding whether the IWU and Phase I Unit have been closed per current
or former regulatory requirements. . . . Rather, in its final order, TCEQ found and
concluded only that the IWU and Phase I Unit stopped receiving waste prior to October
9, 1991, and that, therefore, the only regulatory requirements that apply to the IWU and
the Phase I Unit are the limited closure and post-closure care provisions of §§ 330.5,
330.453 and 330.463.” (italics in original).
6
Italics in original. Internal citation omitted.

12
also the entirety of the expanded [ACL] Facility, which is not yet ‘completely filled.’[7]

Accordingly, TCEQ did not absolve [Waste Management] of its closure obligations with

respect to the IWU or the Phase I Unit, and did not opine on whether those closure

obligations have been satisfied.”

Nor can we agree with TJFA and NNC that Permit 249D ignores groundwater

monitoring under the IWU and the Phase I Unit. The permit requires a total of ten

monitoring wells in the central part of the ACL, where the IWU and the Phase I Unit are

located, six of them new wells. Two of the six new wells, the Commission found, will

monitor the IWU and a third will monitor the Phase I Unit. By their third issue, TJFA and

NNC contend those findings are not supported by substantial evidence. We disagree.

Waste Management’s expert geologist Jay Winters testified he designed the

groundwater monitoring system incorporated in the permit application. He testified

monitoring wells are located so as to encounter groundwater passing the “point of

compliance,” which he later described as a vertical plane extending down through the

uppermost groundwater aquifer.8 He elsewhere agreed that the point of compliance

7
Internal citation omitted. The citation includes, however, references to the
Commission’s definitions of “facility” and “site.” See 30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE §
330.3(52),(139).
8
The Commission’s regulations define point of compliance as “[a] vertical surface
located no more than 500 feet from the hydraulically downgradient limit of the waste
management unit boundary, extending down through the uppermost aquifer underlying
the regulated units, and located on land owned by the owner of the facility.” 30 TEX.
ADMIN. CODE § 330.3(106). They also require the “point of compliance monitoring
system” to “include monitoring wells installed to allow determination of the quality of
groundwater passing the point of compliance . . . and to ensure the detection of
groundwater contamination in the uppermost aquifer.” 30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE §
330.403(a)(2).

13
encompasses locations at which “groundwater would be expected to be leaving the

site.”9

Winters testified the groundwater monitoring system was designed to ensure

detection of groundwater contamination in the uppermost aquifer beneath the ACL

facility. He was questioned closely at the contested case hearing about the capability of

monitoring wells in the central area between the East and West Hills to monitor

groundwater leaving the IWU and Phase I. Questioned about the absence of a

monitoring well along a 2000-foot span10 of the permit boundary south of Phase I,

between the well identified as MW-11 and well MW-51, Winters pointed out the area

was generally upgradient from the landfill and thus would not constitute a part of the

point of compliance.

Monitoring well MW-11 sits on the west side of the north-south drainage way

running along the west side of the central area of the ACL. Questioned about his

opinion well MW-11 could be expected to detect contaminants in groundwater leaving

the IWU, Winters explained that groundwater moves under the site very slowly, with the

result that its movement is characterized by dispersed subsurface plumes rather than

narrow channels. Responding to a question raising the possibility that contaminants

moving along the path of the drainage way would bypass MW-11, Winters testified that

9
TJFA expert Kier opined point of compliance “effectively means a set of ground
water monitoring wells located down hydraulic gradient, that is in the direction of ground
water flow, from one or more waste management units, the purpose of which is to
detect contamination emanating from the waste management unit(s) before it can cross
the facility boundary.”
10
Winters said TCEQ groundwater monitoring regulations call for a distance of
no more than 600 feet between wells along the point of compliance. See 30 TEX.
ADMIN. CODE § 330.403(a)(2) (so stating).
14
“under slow groundwater velocity conditions diffusion and dispersion will make a plume

wider.” He noted groundwater flow paths are depicted on exhibits as lines with arrows,

but such “schematic flow paths . . . don’t represent what a plume would do in the

subsurface. The plumes would get wider as they move further along, which . . . would

facilitate detection of these plumes.” He concluded it was “highly unlikely” that

contaminants from the IWU would escape detection by MW-11 merely because it is

located on the west side of the drainage way.

TJFA witness Kier disagreed with Winters’s opinion that the system he designed

would monitor groundwater from the entire ACL facility, and with others of his opinions.

He expressed the further opinion that the IWU and Phase I had effectively been

excluded from monitoring as “separate units.” He did, however, express agreement that

the Phase I area is downgradient of the closed Travis County landfill. He also

acknowledged his deposition testimony to the effect that MW-11 would be capable of

monitoring the IWU, and indicated that MW-11 “could possibly be said to monitor Phase

I.” He made clear his opinion, however, that MW-11 was inadequate for that purpose.

In the administrative hearing, the question for determination was whether the

application of Waste Management for permit number 249D “complie[d] with all

applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.” TEX. W ATER CODE ANN. § 5.557(a)

(West 2008); 30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 55.210(b). Our review presumes that substantial

evidence supports the Commission’s findings. See City of El Paso v. Pub. Util. Com’n

of Tex., 883 S.W.2d 179, 185 (Tex. 1994). Here, TJFA and NNC have not overcome

this heavy burden. See Charter Med., 665 S.W.2d at 452 (“the evidence in the record

15
actually may preponderate against the decision of the agency and nonetheless amount

to substantial evidence”). The first and third issues of TJFA and NNC are overruled.

Commission Action in Connection with Administrative Law Judge

As noted, by its October 2009 interim order, the Commission remanded the

application to the ALJ with instructions. TJFA and NNC challenge provisions of the

interim order through their second issue. Travis County’s challenge to the remand order

is the subject of its third issue.

Incorporation of Agreed Monitor Wells

During 2002, Waste Management agreed with the City of Austin to place four

additional groundwater monitoring wells in the vicinity of the IWU. This voluntary

monitoring was not required by its TCEQ permit. In his original PFD, the ALJ proposed

that these four wells be incorporated into the groundwater monitoring system covered

by permit 249D. The ALJ’s proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law recognized

the voluntary monitoring agreement and required reconfiguration of the point of

compliance to include the four wells “to mitigate the potential threat to human health and

the environment should contaminants from the IWU and/or the Phase I Unit migrate

towards the boundaries of the Facility.”

In its remand order, the Commission instructed the ALJ to modify his proposed

findings of fact and conclusions of law by, among other things, deleting:

[T]he addition of the four wells specified by the private agreement between
the City of Austin and [Waste Management] to the permit’s groundwater
monitoring system and reconfiguration of the Point of Compliance to
include those wells in proposed Findings of Fact Nos. 125 and 127,

16
 Conclusion of Law Nos. 28, 48, and 50 and Ordering Provision No. 1. The
Commission’s decision to delete the ALJ’s recommendation is based on
the fact that the IWU and Phase I Unit stopped receiving waste prior to
October 9, 1991 and thus, the groundwater monitoring requirements in
Subchapter J of the Commission’s rules are inapplicable to those units
pursuant to 30 TAC § 330.5(c).

An agency has limited authority to change a finding of fact or conclusion of law

made by an ALJ or to vacate or modify an order of an ALJ. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. §

2001.058(e) (West 2008). The agency may exercise this authority if it concludes the

ALJ did not properly apply or interpret applicable law or agency rules. TEX. GOV’T CODE

ANN. § 2001.058(e)(1). The Commission may overturn an underlying finding of fact that

serves as the basis for a decision in a contested case only if it determines the finding

was not supported by the great weight of the evidence. TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE

ANN. § 361.0832(c) (West 2010). A conclusion of law may be overturned in a contested

case only if it was clearly erroneous in light of precedent and applicable rules. TEX.

HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. § 361.0832(d). The agency must state in writing the

specific reason and legal basis for a change made under subsection (e). TEX. GOV’T

CODE ANN. § 2001.058. Finally, Government Code § 2003.047(m) provides in part:

The commission may amend the proposal for decision, including any
finding of fact, but any such amendment thereto and order shall be based
solely on the record made before the administrative law judge. Any such
amendment by the commission shall be accompanied by an explanation
of the basis of the amendment.

TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 2003.047(m) (West 2008).

The district court found the Commission erred by requiring the ALJ to delete the

noted findings and conclusions, but found the error harmless. TJFA and NNC contend

the Commission’s error was harmful because it resulted in the approval of a monitoring

17
system inadequate to monitor groundwater from the IWU and Phase I. “We review the

agency decision for reversible error; harmless error does not merit reversal. TEX. R.

APP. P. 44.1 . . . . A showing of injury to the claimant is necessary before reversal is the

appropriate remedy. Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 2001.174(2) (“a court . . . shall reverse or

remand the case for further proceedings if substantial rights of the appellant have been

prejudiced”) . . . .” Nobles v. Employees Ret. Sys. of Texas, 53 S.W.3d 483, 489-490

(Tex. App.—Austin 2001, no pet.) (case citations omitted).

The Commission found that the monitoring system was adequate, and, with

respect to its monitoring of the IWU and Phase I, in our disposition of their third issue,

we have found substantial evidence supports such a finding. TJFA and NNC do not

show additional harm to their substantial rights from any procedural error the

Commission committed in its remand directions to the ALJ on the groundwater

monitoring issue. We find any error of the Commission in requiring the ALJ to delete

the noted findings and conclusions was harmless. TEX. R. APP. P. 44.1(a); Chalifoux v.

Tex. State Bd. of Med. Examiners, No. 03-05-00320-CV, 2006 Tex. App. LEXIS 9598,

at *50 (Tex. App.—Austin Nov. 1, 2006, pet. denied) (op. on reh’g, mem. op.).

Hours of Landfill Operation

Travis County challenges, through its third appellate issue, the Commission’s

remand of the issue concerning operating hours of the facility. After considering the

PFD, oral argument of the parties, and the filings, the Commission remanded the case

to the ALJ for the purpose of reopening the record to take additional evidence on

18
operating hours. The order instructed that the “ALJ should allow all parties to present

evidence on the appropriateness of the proposed operating hours.”

Section 2003.047(m) of the Government Code provides that, on consideration of

a judge’s proposal for decision, the Commission may “refer the matter back to the

administrative law judge to reconsider any findings and conclusions set forth in the

proposal for decision or take additional evidence or to make additional findings of fact or

conclusions of law.” TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 2003.047(m) (West 2008). Additionally,

the Commission’s rules provide that the Commission “on the motion of any party or on

its own motion, may order the judge to reopen the record for further proceedings on

specific issues in dispute.” 30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 80.265.

Travis County complains that by remanding this issue, TCEQ provided Waste

Management a second bite at the apple to present evidence it failed to present in its

original case. It urges the Commission’s remand was arbitrary and capricious. Waste

Management responds that remand was appropriate because its application did not

propose a change in the landfill’s existing hours of operation and there was confusion

as to whether it was required to produce evidence supporting its existing operating

hours. Travis County argues there was no such confusion.

Neither Government Code § 2003.047(m) nor the Commission’s regulation

requires confusion in the hearing record as a prerequisite for remand to the ALJ or for

reopening the record for further proceedings, and we will not infer such a requirement.

We see no error in the Commission’s remand on the issue of operating hours.

19
 The second issue of TJFA and NNC and the third issue of Travis County are

overruled.

Land Use Compatibility

In its opinion in N.E. Neighbors Coalition v. Tex. Comm’n on Envtl. Quality, No.

03-11-00277-CV, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 4064, at *22-28 (Tex. App.—Austin March 28,

2013, pet. denied) (mem. op.), the Austin Court of Appeals outlined statutory and

regulatory provisions regarding land use compatibility determinations. That case dealt

with a permit amendment granted by TCEQ to BFI Waste Systems of North America,

L.L.C., owner of the Sunset Farms Landfill located immediately north of the ACL. Id. at

*1.

The Commission accepted the ALJ’s findings that the existing ACL facility is

compatible with surrounding land uses and that the proposed expansion of the ACL also

is compatible. By its fifth issue, Travis County presents a substantial evidence

challenge to those findings.

John Worrall prepared the land-use analysis for Waste Management and testified

as its land-use expert, as he had for BFI in N.E. Neighbors Coalition. Id. at *38. Here,

Travis County initially contends that Worrall’s land use study was so flawed the

Commission should not have accepted it. In its argument supporting that contention,

Travis County points to what it considers to be defective conclusions in Worrall’s

analysis. It first argues Worrall incorrectly assumed that Waste Management would

comply with the law in its operation of the landfill and he failed to research and consider

the landfill’s compliance history. Travis County also argues Worrall focused on

20
historical land use and gave insufficient attention to current and future uses of land in

the area. Third, the County argues Worrall incorrectly assumed that the growth

occurring in the area surrounding the landfill was an indicator of its compatibility with

other land uses. Fourth, the County asserts he incorrectly stated the landfill is

consistent with municipal and regional growth policies, and fifth, that Worrall failed to

consider the presence and impact of the IWU on human health and the environment.

The County’s assertion of weaknesses and defects in Worrall’s study provides no basis

for our exclusion of his report and testimony from our substantial evidence review.

As would be expected, the Commission’s findings regarding land uses within one

mile of ACL are similar to those the Austin court cited in N.E. Neighbors Coalition. Id. at

*43-44. The findings state, and evidence shows, the predominant land use, 67.5%,

within that distance of the ACL boundary is “open,” including agricultural and vacant

property and rights-of-way. Industrial uses, including the two active landfills Sunset

Farms and ACL, occupy 15.9%. Ten percent of the land is residential, with the

remaining 6.6% occupied by commercial, recreational, water and institutional uses. In

1985, the City of Austin annexed a 200-foot-wide strip along Giles Road in the far

eastern part of the ACL, and the strip now is zoned DR – Development Reserve, and P-

CO – Public with Conditional Overlay, by the city. No other part of the ACL facility is

within the city limits of any incorporated city, nor does any other zoning ordinance or

designation apply to it. The ACL and adjacent property are located within the City of

Austin’s Desired Development Zone, an area designated for future growth and

development. Solid waste disposal has been a historically and geographically

significant land use within a mile of the ACL since at least 1968. As of July 2008, there

21
were about 1,477 residences located within one mile of the ACL boundary. A majority

of the residences are single family units, most concentrated in the Harris Branch

Subdivision to the northeast, the Pioneer Crossing Subdivision to the northwest, and the

Springdale Road/US 290 area subdivisions to the southwest. The nearest existing

residence then was about 305 feet southwest of the permit boundary in the Colonial

Place Subdivision. Almost 90% of the residences within a mile of the ACL boundary

have been built while the ACL and other landfills have been operating. The proposed

expansion of ACL would place landfill operations closer to the homes in the Pioneer

Crossing Subdivision. The area within one mile of the ACL boundary includes about 57

businesses, including the Sunset Farms landfill, one school, 4,850 feet northwest of the

boundary, and one daycare center about 3,440 feet from the boundary. The City of

Austin has annexed properties to the northeast of the ACL, including the Harris Branch

Subdivision. The ACL is located within the sector of the City of Austin that grew fastest

from 1990 to 2000. All of these findings are probative of the compatibility of the ACL

with surrounding land uses. The Commission also accepted the ALJ’s finding that the

ACL has not deterred growth in the vicinity of the landfill.

Travis County cites the population growth since the landfill’s initial permitting in

1970, when the area around ACL was rural and sparsely developed, containing only

170 residences within a mile. From 2000 through 2008, its evidence shows the area

within a five-mile radius of ACL added 7,835 new households, nearly 9% of all

households formed within Travis County during that period. Developers have planned

nearly 18,000 lots for additional single family housing, and nearly 8,800 additional multi-

family housing units in the landfill area. Worrall estimated almost 10,000 new

22
households will be added to the area by 2017. Travis County’s expert Jon White and

the City of Austin’s expert Greg Guernsey expressed strong disagreement with Worrall’s

conclusions supporting compatibility, and opined continued operation of the facility is

incompatible with both existing and future land use in the area.

Travis County also cites evidence of hundreds of complaints filed with the TCEQ

“concerning landfill operations in this area,” and hundreds more filed with Travis County

and the City of Austin. Evidence of complaints of odors, including odors requiring that

children in the elementary school and the daycare center be kept inside, was presented.

Four individuals testified to odors they encountered in the vicinity of the landfill. One

said the odors were at a peak in the summers of 2007 and 2008, and another reported

an “overpowering stench that smells of rotting garbage.” All four testified to their

perceptions the odors came from the ACL rather than from BFI’s Sunset Farms facility,

based on the direction of the wind. The witnesses also testified to problems with

windblown trash and plastic bags, buzzards and other birds attracted to the landfill, dust

and the loud noises of garbage trucks. One testified to his concern that expansion of

the landfill would increase such problems.

Testimony also referred to a generally adverse relationship between Waste

Management and area residents, dating back at least to 1990 when an agreed order

was entered. As Travis County characterizes it, the overwhelming weight of the

evidence showed incompatibility between the ACL and “existing and future” surrounding

land use.

23
 Despite the landfill’s negative impact on land development that some witnesses

identified, there was testimony that land development in the area could be anticipated

even if the landfill were not closed. Matthew Udenenwu, the Commission executive

director’s witness, testified the application’s odor management and windblown waste

plans complied with the Commission’s rules.

Noting that neither the Solid Waste Disposal Act nor the Commission’s

regulations define compatibility or provide a specific standard for its determination, 2013

Tex. App. LEXIS 4064 at *26, the court in N.E. Neighbors Coalition described the

determination as one requiring TCEQ to “account for or balance all compatibility factors

in its overall determination of whether the landfill adversely affects human health or the

environment or is otherwise incompatible.” Id. at *37. As did the Austin court in the

face of a similar challenge to the compatibility of the neighboring Sunset Farms facility,

we find Travis County has not overcome the presumption that the Commission’s

conclusion as to land-use compatibility is supported by substantial evidence. Charter

Medical, 665 S.W.2d at 453. We overrule Travis County’s fifth issue.

Landfill Gas Monitoring System

By their fourth issue, TJFA and NNC argue Waste Management’s landfill gas

management plan is inadequate because it allows a gap of some 3,000 feet between

gas probes P-9 and P-10 along the southern perimeter of the ACL. This is chiefly an

area bounded inside the ACL by the Phase I unit and immediately outside the ACL by

the closed Travis County Landfill. The record describes the wastes disposed of in

Phase I and those in the closed Travis County facility as “indistinguishable.” The

24
southern perimeter of the ACL at this location traverses the interface between these

areas.

The pertinent TCEQ regulation, 30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 330.371, provides:

(a) Owners or operators of all landfill units shall ensure that:

(1) the concentration of methane gas generated by the facility does not
exceed 1.25% by volume in facility structures (excluding gas control
or recovery system components); and

(2) the concentration of methane gas does not exceed 5% by volume
in monitoring points, probes, subsurface soils, or other matrices at
the facility boundary defined by the legal description in the permit or
permit by rule.

(b) Owners or operators of all landfill units shall implement a routine
methane monitoring program to ensure that the standards of
subsection (a) of this section are met.

(1) The type and frequency of monitoring shall be determined based on
the following factors:

(A) soil conditions;

(B) the hydrogeologic conditions surrounding the facility;

(C) the hydraulic conditions surrounding the facility;

(D) the location of facility structures and property boundaries; and

(E) the location of any utility lines or pipelines that cross the MSW
landfill facility.

(2) The minimum frequency of monitoring shall be quarterly.

30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 330.371.

As the Commission’s briefing points out, its regulation requires landfill operators

to ensure methane gas concentration does not exceed 5% by volume in monitoring

25
points, probes, subsurface soils, or other matrices at the facility boundary,11 but does

not prescribe a minimum interval between gas probes like that applicable to

groundwater monitoring wells along the point of compliance. The Commission also

notes the stretch between probes P-9 and P-10 is part of the existing landfill gas

monitoring of the southern perimeter, authorized by the Commission in 2006.

Charles Dominguez, P.E., the engineer who prepared Waste Management’s

permit application, addressed the gap between the probes in his testimony. Referring to

language in the application, he said the absence of probes between P-9 and P-10 is

due to a “decrease in topography” west of the area containing P-10 and geologic

conditions which provide a “preferential flow path” for gas which “daylights in the

topographic low.” Similarly, his testimony referred to another topographical feature

located south of the permit boundary along the west side of the closed Travis County

Landfill “providing a natural vent to atmosphere for any gas that may migrate southward

from the Austin Community Landfill.” Dominguez further testified that because of

contiguous waste at the boundary separating ACL and Travis County Landfill it was not

possible for a probe inserted into this waste to “serve its intended purpose.”

The Commission accepted the ALJ’s findings adopting Dominguez’s explanation

of the gap. TJFA and NNC describe the Commission’s findings as improper

“exceptions” to the regulatory requirement that operators ensure that gas concentrations

at “other matrices at the facility boundary” do not exceed the maximum level. But as

noted, the regulation does not require installation of probes spaced at specific intervals

along the facility boundary, and we agree with the Commission that the 3000-foot gap

11
30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 330.371(a)(2).
26
under examination, reasonably explained by testimony, does not demonstrate the

Commission disregarded its regulation by finding the landfill gas management plan

adequate.

We find substantial evidence supports the Commission’s findings leading to the

conclusion of regulatory compliance. The fourth issue of TJFA and NNC is overruled.

Sufficiency of Ponded Water Prevention Plan

In their fifth issue, TJFA and NNC contend the Commission erred by concluding

Waste Management’s ponded water prevention plan is sufficient because, they further

contend, a water pond, identified as the “south pond,” is constructed over waste,

contrary to Commission rules. Of concern to TJFA and NNC is the prospect of ponded

water contacting waste and then draining off the facility undetected.

Commission rule 330.167, entitled “ponded water,” provides:

The ponding of water over waste on a landfill, regardless of its origin, must
be prevented. Ponded water that occurs in the active portion of a landfill
or on a closed landfill must be eliminated and the area in which the
ponding occurred must be filled in and regraded within seven days of the
occurrence. A ponding prevention plan must be provided in the site
operating plan that identifies techniques to be used at the landfill to
prevent the ponding of water over waste, an inspection schedule to
identify potential ponding sites, corrective actions to remove ponded
water, and general instructions to manage water that has been in contact
with waste.

30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 330.167.

The record indicates the central channel south pond is an engineered drainage

feature, the alteration of which the Commission approved through a December 9, 2003

modification of permit 249C.

27
 The testimony presented conflicting evidence as to whether solid waste underlies

the south pond. TJFA and NNC rely on testimony regarding the bore hole log from a

groundwater monitoring well, and testimony from a Waste Management witness

indicating that the log shows waste mixed with clay. Waste Management and TCEQ

contend maps show a bore hole for a piezometer is more directly under the pond

location. It is undisputed no waste was encountered in the boring for the piezometer.

Waste Management and the Commission further rely on the testimony of Matthew

Udenenwu, the Commission executive director’s witness, who said the south pond was

not, to his knowledge, over waste. He said he had reviewed cross-sections of the

ponds, and saw no waste.

Assuming for this discussion the Commission’s task required resolution of this

conflicting testimony,12 it was the sole judge of the weight to be given to a witness’s

testimony. Pioneer Natural Res. USA, Inc. v. PUC, 303 S.W.3d 363, 367 (Tex. App.—

Austin 2009, no pet.). And it was entitled to “accept or reject in whole or in part the

testimony of the various witnesses who testif[ied].” Id. The Commission’s fact-finding

and its ultimate determination relevant to the question this issue poses was supported

by substantial evidence and was not arbitrary or capricious. The fifth issue of TJFA and

NNC is overruled.

12
Waste Management suggests that § 330.167 has no application to a concrete
engineered pond like the south pond. It points to the rule’s language requiring filling
and regrading. We do not reach that contention.

28
Adequacy of “Piggyback” Liner System

In their sixth issue, TJFA and NNC argue it was error for TCEQ to rely on Waste

Management’s settlement analysis as the basis for approving the piggyback liner

system.

As noted, the proposed expansion of ACL was lateral, not vertical, but some

overlap of new waste over existing waste will occur at the point at which the new lateral

expansion merges with the existing West Hill disposal area. Waste Management’s

application specified a vertical expansion of the existing site at that point. Waste

Management proposed a “piggyback” liner over the existing solid waste where the

newly-disposed waste will overlay the existing waste. Engineer Dominguez explained

that:

[I]f an existing landfill is to be expanded vertically, and if the vertical
expansion will occur over an existing portion of the landfill that was
constructed prior to any requirement to line the landfill, then a modern-day
composite liner must be placed on top of the existing waste (i.e., over the
existing waste and under the new waste that will be added as a result of
the vertical expansion).

The dispute TJFA and NNC present here concerns Dominguez’s calculations of

the degree to which the landfill will settle. The landfill settlement calculation bears on

the strain placed over time on the liner piggybacked over the existing waste. The

ultimate concern of the analysis is the integrity of the composite liner.

Dominguez explained during testimony that waste filling at the piggyback area

was “essentially complete” in 1996. Over the period 1998-2006 he therefore was able

to watch “the landfill settle and using that to develop a model of what the settlement in

the landfill would be.” He selected fourteen points in the piggyback liner area and

29
vicinity to determine the occurrence of settlement and evaluate its consistency. His

analysis considered annual elevation data at each of the fourteen points for the eight-

year period 1999-2006. The analysis ignored areas where soil was “stockpiled”

because it would skew a determination of settlement based on topography. Dominguez

processed the relevant data through a compression index model that, according to a

description in the record, “is believed to overestimate the settlement within medium-

aged landfills, so is expected to produce a conservative estimate of the waste

settlement.” Dominguez concluded the estimated maximum settlement of the

piggyback liner area during the period 2010-2057 is 5.3 feet at a location “with

approximate[ly] 80 feet of existing waste.” According to Dominguez, including the

ignored data in the analysis would reduce the amount of settlement calculated.

The Commission accepted the ALJ’s three findings detailing the waste settlement

calculation, based on Dominguez’s methodology, and accepted the ALJ’s ultimate

finding of fact that “[w]hile waste settlement will occur beneath the piggyback liner, the

estimated maximum settlement of the liner will not compromise the integrity of the

piggyback liner.”

On appeal, TJFA and NNC complain of the methodology Dominguez employed.

An expert’s underlying technique or principle must be reliable. E.I. duPont de Nemours

& Co., Inc. v. Robinson, 923 S.W.2d 549, 557 (Tex. 1995). We find the challenge to

Dominguez’s methodology without merit. TJFA and NNC use a broad brush to paint his

settlement analysis with complaints. But chiefly their contentions concern his

methodology of selecting data points for measurement and excluding certain elevation

readings derived from these points. As noted, Dominguez explained his reasons for

30
excluding some of the annual elevation measurements. Dominguez gave lengthy

testimony and was subject to knowledgeable and vigorous cross-examination. His

analytical model was site-specific. TJFA and NNC provided expert testimony criticizing

Dominguez’s methodology and conclusions but they did not present their own, site-

specific, analysis demonstrating a contrary result. We find Dominguez’s opinion

testimony and related documentary evidence concerning the settlement analysis

constitutes substantial evidence supporting the Commission’s findings. The sixth issue

of TJFA and NNC is overruled.

Waste Management’s Compliance History

In its fourth issue, Travis County contends the Commission erred in finding that

Waste Management’s compliance history warranted the grant of the expansion permit.

Travis County argues the Commission failed to consider the entire compliance history of

Waste Management, including the hundreds of complaints filed with the Commission,

Travis County and the City of Austin, as well as the significant fines Waste Management

was ordered to pay in 2004. Waste Management argues its compliance history,

including the violations set forth in the 2004 Agreed Enforcement Order and its

corrective measures, was adequately considered.

Evaluation of compliance history under the Commission’s rules begins with an

accounting and scoring of various compliance events or “components” for the five years

prior to the date a permit application is filed. The regulations then employ a formula to

calculate a numerical compliance history score. Based on that score, each site and

entity regulated by the Commission is classified as either a “high,” “average,” or “poor”

31
performer. The record indicates the Commission applied these rules to Waste

Management under the rating system in place at that time.13 Both Waste Management

and the ACL facility are classified as “average” performers.

We see no legal basis for denial of an application based on an “average”

compliance history rating.14 Waste Management was never rated in the lowest

classification, which is necessary for denial of a permit based on compliance history.

See TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. § 361.089(f)(1) (West Supp. 2013). The record

supports the Commission’s finding as to Waste Management’s compliance history, and

we overrule Travis County’s fourth issue.

Conformance with the Regional Solid Waste Management Plan

In Travis County’s first issue, it asserts the Commission erred in finding Waste

Management’s application for expansion demonstrated conformance with the Capital

Area Council of Government’s Regional Solid Waste Management Plan. Travis County

points out evidence at the hearing established the Council sent Waste Management two

“letters of non-conformance.”

Section 363.066 of the Texas Health & Safety Code entitled, Conformity with

Regional or Local Solid Waste Management Plan, provides:

13
The rating system now describes the classifications as “high,” with fewer than
0.10 points, “satisfactory” with 0.10-55 points, and “unsatisfactory” with more than 55
points. 30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 60.2.
14
Challenges to a classification must be made in a separate proceeding. See 30
TEX. ADMIN CODE § 60.3(g).
32
 (a) On the adoption of a regional or local solid waste management plan by
commission rule, public and private solid waste management activities
and state regulatory activities must conform to that plan.

(b) The commission may grant a variance from the adopted plan under
procedures and criteria adopted by the commission.

TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. § 363.066 (West 2010).

The Commission’s regulations also provide:

If a regional or local solid waste management plan is adopted by the
commission, public and private solid waste management activities and
state regulatory activities shall conform to the adopted regional or local
solid waste management plan. The plan shall only remain in effect during
the planning period defined in the plan. Under the procedures and criteria
of subsections (g) and (h) of this section, the executive director may grant
a variance from an adopted regional or local solid waste management
plan.

30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 330.641(d).

The Capital Area Council’s regional solid waste management plan was submitted

to the Commission, which adopted it in 1992. A revised version was approved by the

Commission in May 2007. As revised, the plan states goals, and more specific

objectives subsidiary to each goal. The plan’s Goals No. 7 and No. 15, with their

objectives, read in part:

Goal #7 Ensure the proper management and disposal of municipal solid waste

Objectives

 Encourage best industry practices for all MSW facilities

 Encourage MSW facilities to be involved with surrounding communities

Goal #15 Use the Plan Conformance/Facility Application Review process and the
provisions of § 363.066, Health & Safety Code, to address land use compatibility and
other local issues in order to avoid if possible, or minimize if avoidance is not possible,
adverse impacts from municipal solid waste (MSW) facilities on human health and the
environment.
33
Objectives:

 Ensure that the use of a site for a MSW facility does not adversely impact
human health or the environment by evaluating and determining impacts
of the site upon counties, cities, communities, groups of property owners,
or individuals in terms of compatibility of land use, zoning in the vicinity,
community growth patterns, and other factors associated with the public
interest.

 Ensure that MSW facilities’ impacts on roads, drainage ways, and other
infrastructure are assessed, that both existing and planned future land
uses near the facility are considered, and the infrastructure problems
created by the facility and the potential for land use conflicts between
MSW facilities and existing and planned development are fully and
adequately taken into account and addressed.

 Ensure that MSW facilities are good neighbors, by assessing and
considering every applicant’s five-year compliance history in Texas to the
fullest extent allowed by TCEQ.

 Avoid if possible, or minimize if avoidance is not possible, nuisance
conditions associated with MSW facilities that generate community
concerns by ensuring that applicants implement reasonable and
appropriate measures and best management practices to prevent and
control litter, stormwater runoff, vectors, odor, excessive noise, light
pollution and other nuisance conditions.

We agree with the Commission that neither the Solid Waste Disposal Act nor

TCEQ regulations assign to the Capital Area Council the role of determining, in

permitting proceedings, whether solid waste management activities and regulatory

activities conform with its regional plan. Here, the same evidence that supports the

Commission’s findings with regard to the issues stated in the plan’s goals also must be

seen as supporting its finding that “[n]one of the specific bases for the [Council’s] non-

conformance determination are a sufficient basis to support a denial of [Waste

Management’s] Application” and its conclusion that “[s]olid waste management activities

at [the ACL] conform with the applicable regional solid waste management plan . . . .”

We overrule Travis County’s first issue.

34
Mislabeling of Phase I and IWU

Travis County, in its second issue, and TJFA and NNC, by their seventh issue,

complain that Waste Management, on many of its application exhibits, incorrectly and

improperly mislabeled the Phase I Unit as a part of the closed Travis County Landfill.

Travis County argues the mislabeling violated Waste Management’s obligation under §

330.57(d) of the Commission’s MSW permit regulations to provide complete, accurate

and clear information in its application. TJFA and NNC assert the Commission erred by

approving the application because of its false labeling. See 30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE §

330.57(d) (submission of false information constitutes grounds for denial of permit).

Appellants’ complaints regarding the mislabeling on the exhibits were aired at the

contested case hearing. The Commission’s final order is clear that the ACL permit

boundary includes the Phase I Unit. Appellants complain of potential consequences of

the mislabeling harmful to their interests, but we find their complaints entirely

speculative. We cannot agree that the mislabeling on exhibits led to any error in

findings or conclusions. The second issue of Travis County and the seventh issue of

TJFA and NNC are overruled

Conclusion

Having considered and overruled each issue on appeal, we affirm the district

court’s judgment affirming the Commission’s order.

James T. Campbell
Justice

35