July 7,200O
The Honorable Charles S. Brack Opinion No. JC-0247
Chambers County Attorney
P.O. Box 1200 Re: Whether a hospital district governed by
Anahuac, Texas 77514 chapter 286 of the Health and Safety Code may
hold an election to increase the maximum tax rate
set in its conversion election (RQ-0189-JC)
Dear Mr. Brack:
A hospital district created under chapter 282 of the Health and Safety Code may convert to
a hospital district governed by chapter 286 of the same code if a majority of the district’s qualified
voters approve a ballot proposition to convert. See TEX. HEALTH& SAFETYCODE ANN. $3 282.121,
.122(a), ,123, .127(a) (Vernon 1992). The ballot proposition presents not only the conversion of a
hospital district, but also the “levy of annual taxes for hospital purposes at a rate not to exceed
(insert amount not to exceed 75 cents) on each $100 valuation of all taxable property in the district.”
Id. 5 282.123. You ask whether a converted hospital district, now governed by chapter 286, that has
an approved maximum tax rate of forty cents per one-hundred dollars valuation may hold an election
to propose increasing the maximum tax rate. See Letter from Honorable Charles S. Brack, Chambers
County Attorney, to Honorable John Comyn, Texas Attorney General (Feb. 15,200O) [hereinafter
“Request Letter”]. Because chapter 286 does not expressly provide for such an election, the hospital
district may not conduct one.
You inquire on behalfof the Chambers County Public Hospital District No. 1 (the “District”),
which, you state, “was organized under” the statutory predecessor to chapter 282 of the Health and
Safety Code. Request Letter, supra, at 1. In 1991 the District converted to a chapter 286 district in
accordance with chapter 282, subchapter G, which allows a chapter 282 hospital district to
convert to a hospital district governed by chapter 286. See TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN.
$5 282.121-.127 (Vernon 1992); Request Letter, supra, at 1. As required by statute, the ballot
proposition proposed a maximum annual tax rate for the converted district. See TEX. HEALTH &
SAFETY CODE ANN. 5 282.123 (Vernon 1992); Request Letter, supra, at 1. While section 282.123
permits voters to authorize a maximum annual tax rate of up to seventy-five cents on each one-
hundred dollars valuation oftaxable property in the chapter 286 district, the ballot measure proposed
and “the voters . authorized a tax rate set at [forty cents] on each [one-hundred dollars]
valuation of taxable property in the District.” See TEX. HEALTH & SAFETYCODE ANN. 5 282.123
(Vernon 1992); Request Letter, sup-a, at 1. Now, according to your letter, the District’s Board of
The Honorable Charles S. Brack - Page 2 (JC-0247)
Directors “would like to hold an election to raise its maximum tax rate from” forty cents to seventy-
five cents “as allowed by section 286.161 (b)” of the Health and Safety Code. Request Letter, sup-a,
at 1.
A hospital district’s authority is limited by applicable constitutional and statutory provisions,
as well as any special laws enabling a particular district. See Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. JC-220 (2000)
at 2. A hospital district may be created by general or special law. See TEX. CONST. art. IX, 5 9.
Generally, the terms of a specific enabling act prevail over an incompatible general law. See TEX.
GOV’T CODE ANN. § 3 11.026 (Vernon 1998) (“Special or Local Provision Prevails Over General”).
Because you inform us that the District was “organized under” the statutory predecessor to chapter
282 of the Health and Safety Code, see id., we presume no special laws apply. We answer your
question solely with reference to constitutional and applicable general law.
The commissioners court of a county with a population of 75,000 or less may create a
hospital district under chapter 282 of the Health and Safety Code if a majority of qualified voters
residing in the proposed district approve the district’s creation. See TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE
ANN. §§ 282.002, ,003 (Vernon 1992). A chapter 282 hospital district may be converted into a
district operating under article IX, section 9 of the Texas Constitution following an election called
and held to consider the conversion. See id. $5 282.121, ,122. The ballot proposition for the
conversion election presents the conversion as well as a maximum tax rate:
The ballot for the election shall be printed to permit voting for
or against the proposition: “The conversion of the County
Public Hospital District No. _ (name of district) from a district
operating under Chapter 282, Health and Safety Code, to a district
operating under Article IX, Section 9, of the Texas Constitution, and
the levy of annual taxes for hospital purposes at a rate not to exceed
__ (insert amount not to exceed 75 cents) on each $100 valuation
of all taxable property in the district.”
Id. 5 282.123.
If the proposition passes, the district is governed by article IX, section 9 of the Texas
Constitution and by chapter 286 of the Health and Safety Code. See id. § 282.127(a); see also
Master Disposition Table (Vernon 2000) (listing disposition of former article 4494q-1, Texas
Revised Civil Statutes, as various sections of chapter 286, Health & Safety Code). Article IX,
section 9 of the Texas Constitution authorizes a hospital district to provide “for the levy of annual
taxes at a rate not to exceed seventy-five cents . on the One Hundred Dollar valuation of all
taxable property within such district for the purpose of meeting the requirements of the district’s
bonds, the indebtedness assumed by it and its maintenance and operating expenses, providing that
such district shall not be created or such tax authorized unless approved by a majority of the
qualified voters thereof voting at an election called for the purpose.” TEX. CONST. art. IX, 5 9.
Section 286.161 of the Health and Safety Code authorizes the hospital district board annually to
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impose property taxes at a rate that does not exceed the maximum rate “approved by the voters at
the election authorizing the levy of taxes.” TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. 4 286.161(a)
(Vernon 1992). Voters may not, of course, be asked to approve a tax rate higher than seventy-five
cents on each one-hundred dollars valuation of the district’s taxable property. See id. 5 286.161 (b).
The district may use the taxes only to pay the district’s indebtedness and maintenance and operating
expenses. See id. 5 286.161(c). The district may not use taxes to pay the principal or interest on
revenue bonds. See id. 5 286.161(d).
A political subdivision of the state may hold an election only if it has express constitutional
or statutory authority to do so. See Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. JC-0220 (2000) at 4. “‘It is basic to our
chosen form of government that the people of this State have no right to vote or hold an election in
the absence of some statutory or constitutional provision which provides therefor.“’ Id. (quoting
Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. C-380 (1965) at 2). Likewise, “[tlhe right to hold an election cannot exist
or be lawfully exercised without express grant ofpower by the Constitution or Legislature.” Counts
v. Mitchell, 38 S.W.2d 770,774 (Tex. 1931); see also Ellis v. State, 383 S.W.2d 635,636 (Tex. Civ.
App.-Dallas 1964, no writ); Smith v. Morton Indep. Sch. Dist., 85 S.W.2d 853, 857 (Tex. Civ,
App.-Amarillo 1935, writ dism’d).
Nothing in the constitution or statutes authorizes a chapter 286 hospital district to hold an
election to change the maximum tax rate approved in a conversion election. Article IX, section 9
does no more than authorize a hospital district to levy annual taxes at a rate no higher than seventy-
five cents per one-hundred dollars valuation on real property. See TEX. CONST. art. IX, 5 9. Chapter
286 likewise does no more than provide for the setting of a maximum tax rate as part of a conversion
or creation election. See TEX. HEALTH & SAFETYCODE ANN. $5 282.123,286.022(a)(6), .023(e),
,026, ,028, ,161 (Vernon 1992 & Supp. 2000). While chapter 286 provides detailed instructions for
the conduct of an election to create a hospital district, see, e.g., id. $9 286.023 (“Filing of Petition;
Hearing; Ordering Election”), ,025 (“Notice”), ,028 (“Commissioners Court Order”) (Vernon 1992
& Supp. 2000), it provides no comparable instructions with respect to an election to change the
maximum tax rate.
Other statutes, by contrast, expressly provide for elections to change the maximum rate of
various taxes. Notably, section 283.122 ofthe Health and Safety Code, applicable to certainhospital
districts not under chapter 286, specifically permits a district to increase “[tlhe tax rate approved in
the creation of the district” if the proposal is approved by a majority of the qualified voters ‘who
vote in an election called and held for that purpose.” See id. 5 283.122 (Vernon 1992). In addition,
a hospital district that is authorized to impose ad valorem taxes (including, we presume, a chapter
286 hospital district) may adopt a sales-and-use tax and may change the rate ofthe sales-and-use tax
in an election called for the specific purpose. See id. 9 285.061 (Vernon Supp. 2000); cj, e.g., id.
5 775.0742(b) (Vernon Supp. 2000) (permitting board of emergency services district to order
election to increase tax rate); id. 5 794.0181(a) (Vernon Supp. 2000) (permitting board of
commissioners of rural tire prevention district located in Harris County to order election to increase
maximum tax rate); TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE ANN. 5 326.094(a) (Vernon 1999) (authorizing board
of library district to call election to change or abolish local sales-and-use-tax rate).
The Honorable Charles S. Brack - Page 4 (JC-0247)
We accordingly conclude that a hospital district governed by article IX, section 9 and chapter
286 of the Health and Safety Code does not have the authority to put the issue of a tax increase to
the voters. Although we may agree with the statements in your letter that permitting an election to
raise the maximum tax rate, not to exceed seventy-five cents, “is in the best interest” of the hospital
district’s residents and preserves a balance of legislative and local control, see Request Letter, supra,
at 2, the fact is that neither the constitution nor chapter 286 expressly authorizes the District to hold
such an election. Cj: Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. JM-859 (1988) at 9 (admitting that legislature may
delegate to voters in hospital district authority to change tax rates). Given our conclusion, we do not
answer your second question.
SUMMARY
A hospital district governed by chapter 286 ofthe Health and
Safety Code may not hold an election to increase the maximum tax
rate that the voters approved in an election to convert from a chapter
282 hospital district.
Attorney General of Texas
ANDY TAYLOR
First Assistant Attorney General
CLARK KENT ERVIN
Deputy Attorney General - General Counsel
ELIZABETH ROBINSON
Chair, Opinion Committee
Kymberly K. Oltrogge
Assistant Attorney General - Opinion Committee