IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Robert DeShields, :
Appellant :
: No. 1049 C.D. 2016
v. : SUBMITTED: February 17, 2017
:
Thomas Bennett
BEFORE: HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Senior Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
SENIOR JUDGE LEADBETTER FILED: June 20, 2017
Robert DeShields, an inmate under the custody of the Department of
Corrections (DOC), appeals pro se from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of
Greene County granting the motion for summary judgment of correctional officer
Thomas Bennett and dismissing inmate DeShields’ complaint with prejudice. We
affirm.
In his second amended complaint, which includes two negligence
counts and one count labelled willful misconduct, DeShields avers as follows. On
January 27, 2014, two correctional officers conducted a full reinventory of all of
his personal property. December 23, 2014, Second Amended Complaint, ¶ 5. The
next day, DeShields was transferred from SCI-Forest to SCI-Greene and arrived
with one TV and one foot locker. Id., ¶ 4. Instead of being unpacked and
reinventoried, his property was sent to the restricted housing unit. Id., ¶ 7.
On February 11, 2014, DeShields’ property was unpacked and
reinventoried in his absence. Id., ¶ 8. Later that day, however, he was afforded an
opportunity to view and access his property. Id., ¶ 10. At that time, he observed
that it had been divided into two parts: commissary and personal property items.
Id., ¶ 11. During the first segment of the two-part assessment and reinventory,
Bennett “took possession, direct custody, care & control of approximately sixty
dollars ($60) of approved & authorized commissary.” Id., ¶ 12. Thereafter,
Bennett instructed a fellow officer to list commissary items on DOC form DL-
154A (#500910), a confiscated items receipt. Id., ¶ 13. At that time, DeShields
advised the officers that he would be filing a grievance regarding those items. In
his complaint, DeShields made contradictory allegations in that he averred both
that he signed the receipt with the understanding that “no further actions were to
take place until plaintiff’s grievance process was finalized” and that he did not sign
it once Bennett informed DeShields that the officer would not destroy those items
pending the grievance being finalized. Id., ¶¶ 14, 15. In any event, there is no
dispute that the receipt in question does not bear DeShields’ signature. See DOC’s
March 30, 2016, Motion for Summary Judgment, Attachment A, Confiscated Items
Receipt.
Subsequently, when DeShields sent Bennet a request to staff form
requesting the return of the property on February 18, 2014, Bennett advised him
that “these items were destroyed on 2/11/14.” Second Amended Complaint, ¶ 16.
On February 28, 2014, DeShields lodged Inmate Grievance #499796 “which
included all appropriate levels of appeal.” Id., ¶ 18. In the final decision
upholding the denial of the grievance, the Chief Grievance Officer observed that,
even if a prisoner is allowed to buy $70 worth of commissary items, he cannot do
2
so if it will result in the inmate possessing property in excess of the limits set forth
in DC-ADM 815 limiting a prisoner’s property to one footlocker and two record
boxes or four record boxes. Further, he stated that an inmate has “to monitor the
amount of property that [he has] and keep in mind the property limit imposed by
the [DOC].” DOC’s March 30, 2016, Motion for Summary Judgment, Attachment
A, June 12, 2014, Final Appeal Decision.
In December 2014, DeShields filed the second amended complaint at
issue essentially alleging that Bennett improperly destroyed and refused to replace
or compensate the inmate for his lost property. In the officer’s answer with new
matter, Bennett denied the material allegations and raised sovereign immunity as
an affirmative defense. Following discovery, he filed a motion for summary
judgment therein arguing that DeShields waived his right to bring the action
because he voluntarily agreed in writing that any excess property would be
confiscated, that claims for intentional torts filed against a Commonwealth party
are barred, and that the trial court should grant deference to DOC’s policy limiting
the amount of personal property that can be transferred. In January 2015, the trial
court granted Bennett’s motion for summary judgment without including any
reasoning. DeShields’ appeal followed.1
The entry of summary judgment is proper where the pleadings,
depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the
affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the
moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Marks v. Tasman, 589
A.2d 205, 206 (Pa. 1991). The record must be viewed in the light most favorable
1
The trial court granted DeShields’ petition for allowance of appeal nunc pro tunc in June
2016.
3
to the non-moving party, and all doubts as to the existence of a genuine issue of
material fact must be resolved against the moving party. Our review of an order
granting summary judgment involves only an issue of law. Hence, our review is
plenary.
In the present case, DeShields first argues that he did not waive his
right to bring the present action in that Bennett has falsely asserted that the inmate
signed the confiscated items receipt, thereby agreeing that any excess property
would be confiscated. Accordingly, DeShields maintains that there is a genuine
issue of material fact as to whether he voluntarily relinquished his property.
As previously noted, the receipt in question does not bear DeShields’
signature.2 In that regard, Bennett acknowledges that there may be a dispute of
fact as to whether the inmate voluntarily relinquished his property. Nonetheless,
we agree with Bennett that this potentially disputed fact is not material to the
ultimate legal issue of whether DeShields’ claims are barred by sovereign
immunity. See Strine v. Com. of Pa. MCARE Fund, 894 A.2d 733 (Pa. 2006)
(holding that, factual issues are "material" for purposes of summary judgment if
their resolution could affect the outcome of the case under the governing law). As
Bennett observes, DeShields’ signature on the receipt would not definitively prove
that his relinquishment was voluntary and would be more in the nature of an
acknowledgement of confiscation. Accordingly, we agree with DeShields that he
did not waive his right to bring the present action and turn to his next argument.
DeShields next maintains that his complaint states a cause of action
for negligence and that it should have survived a motion for summary judgment.
2
The document at issue bears signature lines only for the staff member confiscating the
items and the staff member disposing of the items.
4
Specifically he contends that Bennett owed him a legal duty to exercise care,
custody, and control over the authorized and non-contraband personal property,
that the officer breached that duty of care by destroying that property before
DeShields could file a grievance, that the officer caused the destruction of that
property, and that DeShields suffered damages due to the loss of that property.
Accordingly, DeShields alleges that Bennett’s “failure to return plaintiff’s
authorized commissary items &/or hold to the outcome of the grievance process or
otherwise compensate [him] for the items in questions [sic] constitute negligence
under the law. . . .” Second Amended Complaint, ¶ 17.
Moreover, DeShields maintains that his action is not barred by
sovereign immunity because state employees may not raise immunity in
negligence actions concerning damages to personal property in the possession of
Commonwealth agents pursuant to Section 8522(b)(3) of the act commonly known
as the Sovereign Immunity Act (Act), 42 Pa. C.S. § 8522(b)(3). In support,
DeShields cites Williams v. Stickman, 917 A.2d 915, 918 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007), and
Payton v. Horn, 49 F.Supp.2d 791 (E.D. Pa. 1999), holding that Section 8522(b)
provides a remedy for prisoners when a prison official negligently handles a
prisoner’s personal property. DeShields’ position is without merit. While it is true
that a claim for negligent damage to a prisoner’s property in the possession of
Commonwealth parties may fall within the personal property exception to
sovereign immunity found in Section 8522(b)(3) of the Act,3 sovereign immunity
3
Sovereign immunity is waived for claims for negligence where a party can establish: (1) a
common law or statutory cause of action under which damages would be recoverable if not for
the sovereign immunity defense; and (2) the alleged negligent act falls within one of the
specifically enumerated exceptions provided by statute. Section 8522 of the Act, 42 Pa. C.S. §
8522; La Chance v. Michael Baker Corp., 869 A.2d 1054, 1057 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2005).
5
protects a Commonwealth employee acting within the scope of his or her
employment from the imposition of liability for intentional torts. Section 8521 of
the Act, 42 Pa. C.S. § 8521; Kull v. Guisse, 81 A.3d 148, 157 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013).
Here, DeShields alleged that Bennett acted within the scope of his
employment. Second Amended Complaint, ¶¶ 20 and 27. In addition, the inmate
alleged that his property was in Bennett’s possession, care, direct custody and
control, that the items were confiscated, and that they were subsequently
destroyed. Id., ¶¶ 12, 13, 16, and 20. In other words, DeShields has not alleged
that Bennett merely caused damage to the inmate’s property through negligence,
but that the corrections officer destroyed his property. Such averments are
tantamount to the intentional tort of conversion,4 which has been defined as “the
deprivation of another’s right of property in, or use of possession of, a chattel, or
other interference therewith, without the owner’s consent and without lawful
justification.” McKeeman v. Corestates Bank, 751 A.2d 655, 659 n.3 (Pa. Super.
2000). Accordingly, because DeShields has averred that Bennett’s acts were
intentional and the Chief Grievance Officer concluded that Bennett’s actions
bringing DeShields into “property compliance” were within the course of his duties
4
In support of his position that DeShields’ allegations sound in conversion, Bennett has
cited the memorandum opinion of Sloan v. Coleman, (Pa. Cmwlth., 539 C.D. 2014, filed June 5,
2015). (Pursuant to Section 414 of Commonwealth Court’s Internal Operating Procedure:
“Parties may also cite an unreported panel decision of this court issued after January 15, 2008,
for its persuasive value, but not as binding precedent.”) In Sloan, slip op. at 8-9, this Court, in
relevant part, held that where an inmate was being transferred from one SCI to another and
alleged that an officer had intentionally destroyed some of his property, the personal property
exception to sovereign immunity did not apply in that the officer’s alleged acts were tantamount
to the intentional tort of conversion. See also Goodley v. Folino, (Pa. Cmwlth., 2376 C.D. 2010,
filed July 22, 2011), slip op. at 8 (holding that the intentional and deliberate taking of property
did not constitute conduct that fell within the personal property exception to sovereign
immunity).
6
as a corrections officer,5 the personal property exception to sovereign immunity
does not allow DeShields’ claim. Morgalo v. Gorniak, 134 A.3d 1139, 1147 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2016) (holding that, where an inmate’s claim was that the inmate
accounting clerk and the county clerk of courts intentionally and deliberately took
his money and failed to return it, the taking of the property was not conduct that
fell within personal property exception).
Accordingly, we affirm.6
_____________________________________
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER,
Senior Judge
5
DeShields may not relitigate his grievance in this Court. See Bronson v. Central Office
Review Committee, 721 A.2d 357, 358-60 (Pa. 1998) (no appellate jurisdiction over decision
regarding grievance pertaining to confiscation of property pursuant to DC-ADM 815).
6
Given our disposition, we need not reach DeShields’ argument that he is entitled to
compensation for the costs of the proceeding.
7
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Robert DeShields, :
Appellant :
: No. 1049 C.D. 2016
v. :
:
Thomas Bennett
ORDER
AND NOW, this 20th day of June, 2017, the order of the Court of
Common Pleas of Greene County is hereby AFFIRMED.
_____________________________________
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER,
Senior Judge