MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any Aug 14 2019, 9:19 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
R. Patrick Magrath Ralph C. Melbourne
Alcorn Sage Schwartz & Magrath, LLP Montgomery Eisner & Pardieck,
Madison, Indiana LLP
Seymour, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Stephanie Krieger, August 14, 2019
Appellant-Respondent, Court of Appeals Case No.
19A-DC-369
v. Appeal from the Jackson Superior
Court
Mark Krieger, The Honorable Bruce A.
Appellee-Petitioner. MacTavish, Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
36D02-1710-DC-242
Najam, Judge.
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Statement of the Case
[1] Stephanie Krieger (“Wife”) appeals the dissolution court’s final decree, which
ended Wife’s marriage to Mark Krieger (“Husband”). Wife presents two issues
for our review:
1. Whether the dissolution court clearly erred when it
awarded the parties joint physical custody of their minor
daughter, A.K.
2. Whether the dissolution court clearly erred when it divided
the marital estate.
[2] We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand with instructions.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] Husband and Wife married in 1997 and have two children together, S.K., born
in October of 1998, and A.K., born in August of 2001. During the marriage,
Husband worked as a semi-truck driver, and he worked long hours on
weekdays. Wife worked part-time and took care of the marital home and the
children while Husband was at work.
[4] On October 9, 2017, Husband filed a petition for dissolution of the marriage.
At that time, S.K. was living away from home and attending college at Butler
University, and A.K. was a junior in high school. Husband continued to live in
the marital home until December 2017, when he moved out and got an
apartment. Husband continued to pay most of Wife’s bills after that, including
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the mortgage payment on the marital home, utilities, and insurance. Wife quit
her job in May 2018 due to health issues.
[5] Following a final evidentiary hearing on the dissolution petition, the dissolution
court conducted an in-camera interview with A.K. to discuss issues relevant to
custody. The court then issued its final decree and found that Husband and
Wife should “share legal and physical custody” of A.K. such that they would
“alternate custody every other week[.]” Appellant’s App. Vol. 2 at 207. The
court ordered Husband to pay $171.94 per week in child support, as well as “the
house payment [on the marital home] until [A.K.] graduates from high school
in June 2020 as a rehabilitation maintenance to maintain a house for [A.K.]” 1
Id. at 208. The court expressly stated that Husband would not pay retroactive
child support. In addition, the court ordered Husband and Wife collectively to
cover fifty percent of S.K.’s tuition at Butler, after scholarships and grants, with
Husband paying 83% of that fifty percent and Wife paying 17%. Finally, the
court divided the marital estate equally, with Husband paying to Wife an
equalization payment of $4,889.66. This appeal ensued.
Discussion and Decision
Standard of Review
[6] Where a trial court enters findings of fact and conclusions of law, first we
determine whether the evidence supports the findings, and second we determine
1
Husband does not appeal the maintenance order. We note that Wife testified at the final hearing that she
anticipated being employed in the near future.
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whether the findings support the judgment. Lechien v. Wren, 950 N.E.2d 838,
841 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). We will set aside the trial court’s specific findings
only if they are clearly erroneous, that is, when there are no facts or inferences
drawn therefrom to support them. Id. A judgment is clearly erroneous when a
review of the record leaves us with a firm conviction that a mistake has been
made. Id. We neither reweigh the evidence nor assess the credibility of
witnesses but consider only the evidence most favorable to the judgment. Id.
The findings control only as to the issues they cover, and a general judgment
standard applies to issues upon which the trial court made no findings. Id.
Issue One: Custody
[7] Wife contends that the dissolution court abused its discretion when it ordered
that she and Husband would share physical custody of A.K. equally. Wife
maintains that the court should have awarded her primary physical custody of
A.K. In an initial custody determination, both parents are presumed equally
entitled to custody, and “[t]he court shall determine custody and enter a
custody order in accordance with the best interests of the child.” Ind. Code §
31-17-2-8 (2019); see also Kondamuri v. Kondamuri, 852 N.E.2d 939, 945 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2006). In determining the child’s best interests, the trial court must
consider all relevant factors, which are as follows:
(1) The age and sex of the child.
(2) The wishes of the child’s parent or parents.
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(3) The wishes of the child, with more consideration given to the
child’s wishes if the child is at least fourteen (14) years of age.
(4) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with:
(A) the child’s parent or parents;
(B) the child’s sibling; and
(C) any other person who may significantly affect the
child’s best
interests.
(5) The child’s adjustment to the child’s:
(A) home;
(B) school; and
(C) community.
(6) The mental and physical health of all individuals involved.
(7) Evidence of a pattern of domestic or family violence by either
parent.
(8) Evidence that the child has been cared for by a de facto
custodian. . . .
I.C. § 31-17-2-8. The trial court’s decisions on child custody are reviewed only
for an abuse of discretion. Sabo v. Sabo, 858 N.E.2d 1064, 1068 (Ind. Ct. App.
2006).
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[8] On appeal, Wife directs us to her testimony that Husband: “engaged in
inappropriate physical contact” with A.K.; “had a history of pinching Wife’s
arms, thighs, buttocks, and breasts, causing pain and leaving bruises”; and
“engaged in sexually explicit messaging and photo exchanges with women
while still married to Wife.” Appellant’s Br. at 13. And Wife asserts that there
“was no serious dispute in the record regarding which parent had consistently
provided the most stable care for [A.K.] throughout her seventeen (17) years.”
Id. Thus, Wife maintains that the court should have awarded Wife primary
physical custody of A.K.
[9] Wife’s contentions on appeal are a request that we reweigh the evidence and
assess witnesses’ credibility, which we cannot do. The evidence supports the
court’s award of joint custody to Husband and Wife. Indeed, the court
conducted an in-camera interview of seventeen-year-old A.K., and the court
stated that it “evaluated the factors for making a custody determination” under
Indiana Code Section 31-17-2-8, which include the child’s wishes, with “more
consideration” given to A.K.’s wishes because of her age. Appellant’s App.
Vol. 2 at 207. The dissolution court did not abuse its discretion when it
awarded the parties joint custody of A.K.
Issue Two: Marital Estate
[10] Wife next contends that the dissolution court abused its discretion when it gave
Husband a credit against the marital estate for certain bills and other expenses
incurred by Wife and the children that he had paid prior to the final hearing. A
trial court must divide the property of the parties to a marital dissolution in a
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just and reasonable manner. Webb v. Schleutker, 891 N.E.2d 1144, 1153 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2008) (citing I.C. § 31-15-7-4(a)). An equal division of marital
property is presumed to be just and reasonable. Id. (citing I.C. § 31-15-7-5).
Decisions concerning the division and distribution of marital assets lie within
the sound discretion of the trial court. Fischer v. Fischer, 68 N.E.3d 603, 608
(Ind. Ct. App. 2017), trans. denied. On appeal, we review the trial court’s
decision only for an abuse of that discretion. Id. A trial court abuses its
discretion only when its decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the
facts and circumstances before the court. Id. When we review a challenge to
the trial court’s division of marital assets, we consider only the evidence most
favorable to the trial court’s disposition, and we will neither reweigh the
evidence nor assess the credibility of witnesses. Id.
[11] At the final hearing, Husband submitted as evidence Petitioner’s Exhibit 7,
which consisted of a list of expenses and bills Husband had paid on behalf of
Wife and their children from the date of the petition for dissolution of marriage
until the date of the final hearing. In particular, Husband listed “miscellaneous
expenses” totaling $3,106.05, which included cash he gave to the children, a
coffee maker for Wife, school supplies for the children, a dress for A.K., and
gasoline for Wife. Appellant’s App. Vol. 2 at 101. Husband also listed
monthly bills he had paid, including mortgage payments for the marital home,
automobile insurance for Wife and A.K., and various utility bills. The total of
all of the expenses and bills paid for by Husband and listed in his Exhibit 7 was
$27,151.86. In the final decree, the trial court found the $27,151.86 to be a
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“debt” to Husband before the court divided the estate equally between Husband
and Wife. Id. at 211.
[12] On appeal, Wife first asserts that Husband had requested that the court not
order retroactive child support—that is, child support during the pendency of
the dissolution proceedings—and that Husband had “stipulated” that “he
should not receive credit for the payment of these bills and expenses against the
marital estate.” Appellant’s Br. at 15. Wife maintains that, because the court
did not also order retroactive child support, the court abused its discretion when
it gave Husband a credit in the amount of the bills and expenses he had paid
while the dissolution was pending. In essence, Wife asserts that the dissolution
court had discretion to either order Husband to pay retroactive child support
and receive a credit for the amounts of bills and expenses he had paid, or order
no retroactive child support but award no credit to Husband.
[13] First, Wife does not support this contention with citation to relevant authority.
Second, Husband did not “stipulate” to anything. Husband’s attorney merely
stated that Husband was “not trying to get reimbursed for all that money.” July
12, 2018, Tr. Vol. 2 at 85. In any event, the dissolution court had discretion to
award Husband a credit notwithstanding Husband’s remarks, which did not
amount to a stipulation. Third, and moreover, Wife does not direct us to any
evidence regarding the amount of retroactive child support that might have
been ordered relative to the $27,151.86 credit awarded to Husband.
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[14] Husband asserts, and Wife does not dispute, that, if ordered, the retroactive
child support would only have totaled approximately $2,800. And, in addition
to the $27,151.86 in expenses that he covered while the dissolution was
pending, the rehabilitative maintenance Husband is ordered to pay totals
approximately $22,270. “Division of property should not be considered in a
vacuum, and the trial court is free to consider other awards (such a[s] spousal
maintenance) when determining the proper division.” Augspurger v. Hudson, 802
N.E.2d 503, 513 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). We cannot say that the court erred
when it both declined to order Husband to pay retroactive child support and
awarded Husband a credit for bills and expenses he had paid while the
dissolution was pending.
[15] Still, Wife contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it awarded
Husband a credit for: “bills and expenses paid while he was still living in the
marital residence through December of 2017”; “bills and expenses that were
solely related to adult Son[, S.K.]”; and a “double credit” for paying off a Visa
account and a Best Buy account. Appellant’s Br. at 16-17. However, Wife does
not explain, with citation to relevant authority, why the dissolution court did
not have discretion to award Husband credit for bills and expenses he paid
while he lived in the marital residence or those made for the benefit of S.K.
Nonetheless, we address the merits of each of these contentions in turn.
[16] As for Husband’s credit for paying bills and expenses while he lived in the
marital home, our holding in Bojrab v. Bojrab, 786 N.E.2d 713, 722 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2003), aff’d in relevant part, 810 N.E.2d 1008 (Ind. 2006), is instructive. In
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Bojrab, the husband lived in the marital residence for approximately three weeks
after the wife filed a petition for dissolution on January 10, 2000. The
dissolution court ordered the husband to continue to pay the mortgage on the
marital home after he moved out. And in the final decree, the court ordered
that the marital home be sold with forty percent of the net proceeds going to the
husband and sixty percent going to the wife. Thereafter, the dissolution court
granted the husband’s motion to correct error and “ordered that Husband ‘shall
be reimbursed from the proceeds of the sale of the marital residence an amount
equal to the monthly principle [sic] and interest mortgage payments paid by
him from January 10, [2000][] to the date of closing.’” Id. at 722.
[17] On appeal, the wife argued that “the trial court erred when it granted
Husband’s request for additional money from the sale of the marital residence
because it ‘changed the overall division of assets and created a monetary
windfall.’” Id. The wife claimed that “‘granting [Husband] 100%
reimbursement for interest payments place[d] the entire responsibility for such
debt upon [Wife].’” Id. We rejected the wife’s contentions on appeal and held
as follows:
The marital estate is to be closed at the time of the filing of the
petition for dissolution. Wilson v. Wilson, 732 N.E.2d 841, 846
(Ind. Ct. App. 2000) (“We agree with Husband that the marital
pot closes on the date the petition for dissolution is filed.”), trans.
denied. Wife filed the petition for dissolution on January 10,
2000. After that date, Husband paid all mortgage payments.
After the trial court granted Husband’s motion to correct error,
Husband was reimbursed for all payments made after January
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10, 2000. Essentially, the trial court restored the parties to their position
when the petition for dissolution was filed.
Id. (emphasis added). Thus, we affirmed the credit to the husband for the
mortgage payments he had made from the date of the dissolution petition even
though he lived in the marital home for approximately three weeks during that
period. We also held that,
[t]o the extent Wife was responsible for more of the interest than
Husband, pursuant to her entitlement to 60% of the net proceeds
from the house, such difference does not amount to an abuse of
the trial court’s discretion in light of the fact that Wife lived in the
house for over two years without making a house payment.”
Id. (emphasis added).
[18] Here, Husband lived in the marital home a little over two months after he filed
the petition. And by the time A.K. graduates from high school in June 2020,
Wife will have lived in the marital home for more than two years without
making a house payment. Upon A.K.’s graduation, the parties will sell the
marital home and divide the proceeds from the sale fifty-fifty. The dissolution
court awarded Husband a credit for the mortgage payments he made between
the date the petition was filed until the final hearing, but Husband will not
receive a credit for the nearly equal payments he is making under the
rehabilitative maintenance order, which he does not appeal. Because the
marital estate closed on October 9, 2017, and because the parties will split the
proceeds from the sale of the marital home after June 2020, we cannot say that
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the dissolution court abused its discretion when it awarded Husband a credit for
all of the mortgage payments he had made, including the ones he made while
he lived there for a short time in late 2017.
[19] Regarding Husband’s credit for certain expenses “that were solely related to
[S.K.],” Wife challenges the credit for money spent on S.K.’s “New York Trip,
[his] groceries, [his] school supplies, and [his] ‘movie, meal and clothes.’”
Appellant’s Br. at 16. Wife does not state the amounts of those credits, but our
review of Petitioner’s Exhibit 7 shows that those credits totaled less than $400
over the course of six months. And Wife does not support her contention with
respect to those credits with citation to relevant authority. We cannot say that
the dissolution court abused its discretion when it awarded Husband a credit for
those expenses.
[20] We agree with Wife, however, that the court erroneously gave Husband double
credit for paying off the Visa and Best Buy credit card accounts. Those
amounts were both included in the $27,151.86 in bills and expenses credited to
Husband and listed separately as credits to Husband in the court’s division of
the marital estate. Accordingly, we reverse that part of the decree and remand
with instructions to the court to adjust the division of the marital estate by
removing those individual credits ($435.78 and $1,124.98, respectively) from
Husband’s side of the ledger and recalculating the division of the marital estate.
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Conclusion
[21] Wife has not demonstrated that the dissolution court abused its discretion when
it awarded the parties joint physical custody of A.K. And, other than two
double credits, which error the court will correct on remand, neither has Wife
shown that the dissolution court abused its discretion when it awarded
Husband a credit for bills and expenses he covered while the dissolution
petition was pending.
[22] Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded with instructions.
Bailey, J., and May, J., concur.
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