NUMBER 13-18-00026-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
RAUL ALCALA AND YAZMIN ALCALA, Appellants,
v.
REPUBLIC LLOYDS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 445th District Court
of Cameron County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Longoria, Hinojosa, and Rodriguez1
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Hinojosa
Appellants Raul and Yazmin Alcala (the Alcalas) sued appellee Republic Lloyds
(Republic), disputing Republic’s handling of a homeowner’s insurance claim filed by the
1 The Honorable Nelda V. Rodriguez, former Justice of this Court, was a member of the panel at
the time this case was submitted but did not participate in this decision because her term of office expired
on December 31, 2018.
Alcalas. The Alcalas appeal the trial court’s order granting Republic’s motion for summary
judgment. In two issues, which we treat as one, the Alcalas argue that the trial court erred
in granting summary judgment solely on the basis of Republic’s payment of an appraisal
award. We affirm in part and reverse and remand in part.
I. BACKGROUND
On January 9, 2015, a hailstorm damaged the Alcalas’ home in Brownsville, Texas.
The Alcalas filed a claim with their insurer Republic on January 21. Republic assigned an
independent adjuster, who inspected the home and estimated the actual cash value of
the damages to be $904.46. On February 3, Republic issued a check to the Alcalas for
$354.46 which represented the adjuster’s estimate less the policy’s deductible. In
December of 2015, counsel for the Alcalas communicated to Republic their disagreement
with the damage estimate and provided their own estimate of $17,701.46. On January
13, 2016, Republic notified the Alcalas’ attorney that it was demanding an appraisal
pursuant to the policy’s appraisal provision. While the appraisal process was pending, the
Alcalas sued Republic, asserting a breach of contract claim and various extra-contractual
claims which can be classified as follows: (1) statutory bad faith claims under both chapter
541 of the insurance code and the Deceptive Trade Practices Act (DTPA); (2) violations
of the Texas Prompt Payment of Claims Act (TPPCA); and (3) common law bad faith and
fraud claims. While the lawsuit was pending, Republic and the Alcalas selected
appraisers, and the trial court appointed an appraisal umpire. The appraisers and the
umpire agreed on an actual cash value for damages of $6,045.68. On December 29,
2
2016, Republic issued a check for $5,141.22, which represented the appraisal award less
the deductible and Republic’s prior payment.
Republic filed a traditional motion for summary judgment arguing that its timely
payment of the appraisal award negated liability for all of the Alcalas’ claims as a matter
of law. Republic relied on the policy’s appraisal provision which provides in relevant part
as follows:
8. Appraisal. If you and we fail to agree on the amount of loss from an
occurrence claimed by you in accordance with the loss settlement
provisions of your policy, either may demand an appraisal of the loss.
In the event of a demand for an appraisal of loss, each party shall choose
a competent and disinterested appraiser within 20 days after receiving
a written request from the other. During this same time period, the
parties shall provide to each other in writing the name and contact
information for their selected appraiser. The two appraisers shall attempt
to select a competent and disinterested umpire.
If they cannot agree upon an umpire within 15 days after the selection
of the second appraiser, you or we may request that the choice of a
competent and disinterested umpire be made by a judge of a court of
record in the state where the residence premises is located.
....
Stating separately the items and amounts of loss for each item, and in
accordance with your policy’s loss settlement provisions, the appraisers
shall determine the amount of loss from the occurrence claimed by you.
Both you and we and each of our representatives shall cooperate with
the appraisal process, allow the appraisers and umpire reasonable and
timely access to inspect the damaged property, and make reasonable
efforts to allow completion of the appraisal process in a timely manner.
If the appraisers fail to reach agreement on the amounts, the appraisers
shall submit their differences, only, to the umpire. An appraisal decision
in writing, so itemized, of any two of these three, when received by us
shall set the amount of loss.
....
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This appraisal shall be binding on you and us concerning only the
amount of loss. You will retain your right to bring suit against us following
the appraisal award, subject to Texas law and compliance with the Suit
Against Us provisions of the policy as modified by this Endorsement. We
will retain our right to deny all or part of your claim and to dispute liability
for any portion of the appraisal award based on lack of coverage or
violation of the terms or conditions of the policy.
Republic argued that its participation in the contractual appraisal process and timely
payment of the appraisal award negated the Alcalas’ breach of contract claim as a matter
of law. Republic further argued that the Alcalas could not maintain any extra-contractual
claims in the absence of a breach of contract unless the Alcalas suffered an injury
independent of the loss of policy benefits. Republic attached the insurance policy to its
motion as well as correspondence and documents establishing Republic’s timely handling
of the Alcalas’ claim, its invocation of the policy’s appraisal provision, and its timely
payment of the appraisal award.
The Alcalas filed a response to the motion for summary judgment. Relying on
Republic’s summary judgment evidence, the Alcalas focused their argument on their
extra-contractual claims. The Alcalas conceded that payment of the appraisal award
“might negate” their breach of contract claim. However, they argued that they are not
required to establish a breach of contract in order to recover on their extra-contractual
claims, only that they have a right to benefits under the policy. The Alcalas moved
separately for summary judgment on their TPPCA claim. They argued that the summary
judgment record “conclusively establishes that Republic made full payment on [their]
claim late in violation of [the TPPCA] after [the Alcalas] became entitled to benefits under
the policy.”
4
The trial court signed an order granting Republic’s motion for summary judgment,
thereby dismissing the Alcalas’ suit in its entirety. 2 The Alcalas have since appealed. 3
We abated the case and ordered the parties to file supplemental briefs addressing two
Texas Supreme Court opinions that were handed down after this Court heard oral
argument. See Barbara Techs. Corp. v. State Farm Lloyds, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 17-
0640, 2019 WL 2710089 (Tex. June 28, 2019); Ortiz v. State Farm Lloyds, ___ S.W.3d
___, No. 17-1048, 2019 WL 2710032 (Tex. June 28, 2019). The parties have filed their
supplemental briefs, and we have since reinstated the appeal.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review
We review summary judgments de novo. KCM Fin. LLC v. Bradshaw, 457 S.W.3d
70, 79 (Tex. 2015); Neely v. Wilson, 418 S.W.3d 52, 59 (Tex. 2013). A movant for
traditional summary judgment has the burden to establish that no genuine issue of a
material fact exists and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. TEX. R. CIV. P.
166a(c); Amedisys, Inc. v. Kingwood Home Health Care, LLC, 437 S.W.3d 507, 511 (Tex.
2014). A defendant seeking traditional summary judgment must either disprove at least
one element of each of the plaintiff’s causes of action or plead and conclusively establish
each essential element of an affirmative defense. Cathey v. Booth, 900 S.W.2d 339, 341
(Tex. 1995) (per curiam); Sanchez v. Matagorda County, 124 S.W.3d 350, 352 (Tex.
2 The Alcalas filed a motion for new trial which was overruled by operation of law.
3 The Alcalas do not challenge the trial court’s implicit denial of their motion for summary judgment
in their appellants’ brief.
5
App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg 2003, no pet.). If the defendant carries this burden, the
burden shifts to the plaintiff to raise a genuine issue of material fact precluding summary
judgment. Lujan v. Navistar, Inc., 555 S.W.3d 79, 84 (Tex. 2018). We review the summary
judgment evidence in the light most favorable to the non-movant, indulging every
reasonable inference and resolving any doubts against the motion. Buck v. Palmer, 381
S.W.3d 525, 527 (Tex. 2012) (per curiam); City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 824
(Tex. 2005).
B. Analysis
As requested by the Court, the Alcalas filed a supplemental brief addressing the
impact of two intervening Texas Supreme Court opinions. See Barbara Techs., ___ 2019
WL 2710089; Ortiz, 2019 WL 2710032. The Alcalas represent to this Court that they are
no longer appealing the dismissal of their breach of contract and extra-contractual “bad
faith” claims, and they have requested that the Court affirm that portion of the trial court’s
judgment dismissing those claims. See Ortiz, 2019 WL 2710032, at *5, *15 (concluding
that an insurer’s payment of an appraisal award bars an insured’s breach of contract claim
as well as common law and statutory bad faith claims to the extent the only actual
damages sought are lost policy benefits). However, the Alcalas continue to maintain, as
they did in their initial brief, that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment as to
their TPPCA claim. See TEX. INS. CODE. ANN. ch. 542. Specifically, the Alcalas argue that
an insurer’s payment of an appraisal award does not as a matter of law bar an insured’s
claim under the TPPCA. We agree.
6
The TPPCA sets out guidelines facilitating the timely payment of insurance claims.
See id. §§ 542.054, 542.057; Barbara Techs., 2019 WL 2710089, at *3; see also Lambert
v. State Farm Lloyds, No. 02-17-00374-CV, 2019 WL 5792812, at *3 (Tex. App.—Fort
Worth Nov. 7, 2019, no pet. h.) (mem. op.). To prevail under a claim for TPPCA damages,
the insured must establish: (1) the insurer’s liability under the insurance policy, and (2)
that the insurer has failed to comply with one or more sections of the TPPCA in processing
or paying the claim. Barbara Techs., 2019 WL 2710089, at *4. While the TPPCA does not
explicitly address how initiating the appraisal process affects the Act’s timing guidelines,
the Texas Supreme Court has recently issued an opinion that discusses the effect of an
appraisal award on a TPPCA claim. See id. at *1; see also Lambert, 2019 WL 5792812,
at *3.
In Barbara Technologies, the insurer twice denied its insured’s claim for storm-
related damages because the damages did not exceed the policy’s deductible. 2019 WL
2710089, at *1. The insured sued, prompting the insurer to invoke the policy’s appraisal
provision. Id. The insured accepted the resulting appraisal award, but it claimed that
statutory damages were appropriate because the insurer failed to comply with the
TPPCA’s sixty-day time limit for payment. Id. The trial court granted summary judgment
in favor of the insurer. Id.
The Texas Supreme Court concluded that the payment of an appraisal award does
not bar an insured’s TPPCA claim as a matter of law. Id. at *2, *17. The Court interpreted
the TPPCA’s lack of any appraisal-related language to mean that the legislature intended
neither to impose specific deadlines for the contractual appraisal process within the
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prompt-pay scheme nor to exempt the contractual appraisal process from the deadlines.
Id. at *5, *8 (“Nothing in the TPPCA would excuse an insurer from liability for TPPCA
damages if it was liable under the terms of the policy but delayed payment beyond the
applicable statutory deadline, regardless of use of the appraisal process.”).
The Court noted that an appraisal’s outcome only binds the parties as to the
amount of the loss determined, leaving open the question of liability for such loss. Id. at
*8. Therefore, “payment in accordance with an appraisal is neither an acknowledgment
of liability nor a determination of liability under the policy for purposes of TPPCA
damages[.]” Id. at *9. The Court explained that the insurer had not accepted liability under
the policy and had not yet had its liability adjudicated; therefore, the insured was not
entitled to TPPCA damages as a matter of law. Id. at *16. It noted that, on the other hand,
the insurer’s invocation of the appraisal clause and prompt payment of the appraisal
award did not automatically exempt it from TPPCA damages. Id. For these reasons, the
Court held that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of the insurer.
Id. at *17.
Here, Republic moved for summary judgment solely on the basis of its timely
payment of the appraisal award. However, this fact does not excuse Republic from liability
for TPPCA damages if it was liable under the terms of the policy—an element that
Republic did not challenge in its motion for summary judgment—but delayed payment
beyond the applicable statutory deadline. See id. at *8. We conclude that Republic failed
to carry its summary judgment burden in seeking dismissal of the Alcalas’ TPPCA claim. 4
4 We reject Republic’s argument that Barbara Technologies v. State Farm Lloyds is factually
distinguishable because Republic initially paid $354.46 to the Alcalas, whereas the insurer in Barbara
8
See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Amedisys, 437 S.W.3d at 511. Therefore, we hold that the
trial court erred in granting summary judgment on this claim. See Bradshaw, 457 S.W.3d
at 79. We sustain the Alcalas’ sole issue.
III. CONCLUSION
We reverse that portion of the trial court’s judgment dismissing the Alcalas’ TPPCA
claim, and we remand that portion of the case to the trial court for further proceedings
consistent with this memorandum opinion. We affirm the remainder of the trial court’s
judgment.
LETICIA HINOJOSA
Justice
Delivered and filed the
20th day of February, 2020.
Technologies initially paid nothing because it determined that the damages were less than the policy’s
deductible. ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 17-0640, 2019 WL 2710089 (Tex. June 28, 2019). We observe no
meaningful distinction between an insurer’s initial determination that damages are less than the deductible
versus a determination that damages exceed the deductible by some nominal amount—whether it be $1 or
$354.46. In either case, the plaintiff is relying on the insurer’s pre-appraisal underpayment of the claim as
a basis for its TPPCA claim. See Ortiz v. State Farm Lloyds, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 17-1048, 2019 WL
2710032, *3 (Tex. June 28, 2019) (discussing body of related case law as concerning allegations of “pre-
appraisal underpayment” of a claim).
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