IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
ALEX RYLE, §
§ No. 529, 2019
Plaintiff Below, §
Appellant, §
§
v. § Court Below–Superior Court
§ of the State of Delaware
DELAWARE DEPARTMENT OF §
JUSTICE, § Case No. N19A-11-003
§
Respondent Below, §
Appellee. §
Submitted: June 12, 2020
Decided: September 1, 2020
Before VAUGHN, TRAYNOR, and MONTGOMERY-REEVES, Justices.
ORDER
After careful consideration of the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal, it
appears to the Court that:
(1) Alex Ryle appeals the Superior Court’s dismissal of his appeal from a
denial of a public-records request made under Delaware’s Freedom of Information
Act (“FOIA”).1 The Superior Court found that Ryle’s appeal was legally frivolous
because it did not have jurisdiction over decisions made by the Department of Justice
(“DOJ”). Because we agree that the DOJ properly upheld the denial of Ryle’s
records request, we affirm the Superior Court’s judgment.
1
29 Del. C. §§ 10001-10007.
(2) In 1977, the General Assembly enacted FOIA, in part because “it is
vital that citizens have easy access to public records in order that the society remain
free and democratic.”2 To achieve this goal, FOIA requires the disclosure of all
“public records” as defined by 29 Del. C. § 10002(l). Specifically, a “public record”
is defined as:
information of any kind, owned, made, used, retained, received,
produced, composed, drafted or otherwise compiled or collected, by
any public body, relating in any way to public business, or in any way
of public interest, or in any way related to public purposes, regardless
of the physical form or characteristic by which such information is
stored, recorded or reproduced.3
But not all public records are subject to disclosure, and FOIA specifically exempts
18 different categories of records, including those that are specifically exempted
from public disclosure by statute4 and any record in the possession of the Department
of Correction (“DOC”) where disclosure is sought by an inmate in DOC custody.5
(3) On August 18, 2019, Ryle, an inmate housed at the James T. Vaughn
Correctional Center in Smyrna, requested a copy of the DOC Employee Code of
Conduct from DOC. DOC denied Ryle’s request and referred Ryle to the FOIA
statutory exemptions and to 11 Del. C. § 4322 (“Section 4322”). Section 4322
provides, in relevant part:
2
29 Del. C. § 10001.
3
29 Del. C. § 10002(l).
4
29 Del. C. § 10002(l)(6).
5
29 Del. C. § 10002(l)(13).
2
(c) No inmate shall be provided a copy of the Department of
Correction Policy and Procedures Manuals, The Bureau of Prisons
Policy and Procedures Manuals, nor any of the Department of
Correction Facilities Operational Procedures, Administrative
Regulations and Post Orders.
(d) The Department of Correction Policies and Procedures,
including any Policy, Procedure, Post Order, Facility Operational
Procedure or Administrative Regulation adopted by a Bureau, facility
or department of the Department of Correction shall be confidential,
and not subject to disclosure except upon the written authority of the
Commissioner.6
(4) Ryle sought review of DOC’s denial of his request by the Attorney
General, who referred the petition to the Chief Deputy Attorney General, as required
by 29 Del. C. § 10005.7 In his request for review, Ryle alleged that DOC’s failure
to disclose the Employee Code of Conduct to him violated his federal constitutional
rights to due process and access to the courts. The DOJ upheld DOC’s denial of
Ryle’s request because FOIA exempts from the definition of public record any
record in DOC’s possession when the disclosure request is made by an inmate in
DOC custody.8
6
11 Del. C. § 4322.
7
29 Del. C. § 10005(b) (“[A] person denied access to public records by an administrative office
or officer, a department head, commission, or instrumentality of state government which the
Attorney General is obliged to represent pursuant to § 2504 of this title must within 60 days of
denial, present a petition and all supporting documentation to the Chief Deputy as described in
subsection (e) of this section.”).
8
The Director of the Fraud and Consumer Protection Division issued the DOJ’s opinion at the
direction of the Chief Deputy Attorney General.
3
(5) Ryle sought review of the DOJ’s decision in the Superior Court. Upon
initial review of Ryle’s notice of appeal, the Superior Court concluded that it did not
have jurisdiction to review decisions made by the DOJ and summarily dismissed
Ryle’s pro se filing under 10 Del. C. § 8803(b).9 This appeal followed.
(6) “On appeal of an administrative agency’s adjudication, this Court’s sole
function is to determine whether the Board’s decision is supported by substantial
evidence and is free from legal error.”10
(7) On appeal, Ryle argues that (i) the Superior Court erred when it
concluded it did not have jurisdiction over his appeal and (ii) the Superior Court
could not dismiss his appeal without issuing a “show cause” notice under Superior
Court Civil Rule 72(i) (“Rule 72(i)”). The State contends that that the Superior
Court’s judgment must be affirmed because this Court reviews administrative
decisions on the record below and that Ryle does not argue on appeal that DOC
9
Chapter 88 of Title 10 of the Delaware Code sets out the procedures for the trial courts’ handling
of proceedings in forma pauperis. Section 8803(b) provides:
Upon establishing the amount of fees and costs to be paid, the court shall review
the complaint. Upon such review, the complaint shall be dismissed if the court
finds the action is factually frivolous, malicious or, upon a court’s finding that the
action is legally frivolous and that even a pro se litigant, acting with due diligence,
should have found well settled law disposing of the issue(s) raised. Any order of
dismissal shall specifically identify whether the complaint was factually frivolous,
legally frivolous and/or malicious. Service of process shall not issue unless and
until the court grants leave following its review.
10 Del. C. § 8803(b).
10
Angstadt v. Red Clay Consol. Sch. Dist., 4 A.3d 382, 387 (Del. 2010).
4
improperly denied his records request. Although Ryle is correct that the Superior
Court had jurisdiction to consider his appeal,11 we agree with the State that Ryle
cannot show that DOC improperly denied his records request because 29 Del. C. §
10002(l)(13) excludes from FOIA any records in DOC’s possession where
disclosure is sought by an inmate in DOC custody.12 Accordingly, we affirm the
Superior Court’s dismissal of Ryle’s appeal as legally frivolous. Moreover, because
the Superior Court summarily dismissed Ryle’s complaint upon its initial review and
before service issued, the Superior Court was not required to issue a notice to show
cause under Rule 72(i).
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the judgment of the
Superior Court is AFFIRMED.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ Gary F. Traynor
Justice
11
29 Del. C. § 10005(e) (“Regardless of the finding of the Chief Deputy, the petitioner or the
public body may appeal the matter on the record to the Superior Court.”).
12
See Laub v. Danberg, 2009 WL 1152167, at *3 (Del. Super. Ct. Mar. 4, 2009) (“Prisoners are
precluded from reviewing DOC policies and procedures, regardless of the reason for requesting
them.”), aff’d, 2009 WL 2871883 (Del. 2009).
5