Slip Op. 06-60
UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
____________________________________
:
ABRAM K. ANDERSON :
:
Plaintiff, :
: Before: WALLACH, Judge
v. : Court No.: 04-00655
:
UNITED STATES, SECRETARY OF :
AGRICULTURE, :
:
Defendant. :
____________________________________:
[Plaintiff’s Motion to Supplement the Record Or, In The Alternative To Excise Documentation
from the Record is Denied and this Matter is Remanded for Action Consistent with this
Opinion.]
Dated: April 28, 2006
Collier, Shannon, Scott, PLLC, (Robin H. Gilbert and Paul C. Rosenthal) for Plaintiff.
Peter D. Keisler, Assistant Attorney General; David M. Cohen, Director; Patricia M. McCarthy,
Assistant Director; Delfa Castillo, Trial Attorney, U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division,
Commercial Litigation Branch; and Jeffrey Kahn, Attorney-Advisor, Office of the General
Counsel, International Affairs & Commodity Programs Division, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, of Counsel, for Defendant.
OPINION
Wallach, Judge:
I
Introduction
This matter comes before the court following Plaintiff’s Motion to Supplement the
Record or, in the Alternative to Excise Documentation from the Record (“Plaintiff’s Motion”)
filed on October 11, 2005. Defendant filed its Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion
to Supplement the Record or, in the Alternative, to Excise Documentation from the Record
(“Defendant’s Opposition”) on October 31, 2005. For the reasons set forth below, Plaintiff’s
Motion is denied and this matter is remanded to Defendant to re-open the record and admit
evidence sufficient to determine whether Plaintiff is eligible to receive Trade Adjustment
Assistance (“TAA”) benefits. This court has jurisdiction pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 2395 (2004).
II
Background
Plaintiff is challenging the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (“Defendant” or
“Agriculture”) denial of TAA cash benefits regarding his Alaskan salmon crop for the year 2002.
This Motion to Supplement the Record arises from Plaintiff’s challenge to Defendant’s original
denial of Plaintiff’s eligibility for TAA benefits.
III
Arguments
Plaintiff, under Rule 56.1, filed its Motion to Supplement the Record on the grounds that
Plaintiff discovered, after receipt of the administrative record, certain erroneous statements in an
e-mail which resulted in the denial of Plaintiff’s application for TAA benefits. Plaintiff asserts
that he had no knowledge of these errors until the administrative record was filed in this matter
and had no prior opportunity to correct these errors. As a result, Plaintiff wishes to supplement
the record with a declaration stating his own firsthand knowledge of the contents of the
conversation described in the record e-mail. In the alternative, Plaintiff wishes to strike from the
record any references to the statement in the e-mail regarding Defendant’s conversation with Mr.
Anderson.
Defendant opposes Plaintiff’s motion on the grounds that it is unsupported by any legal
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authority or precedent. Furthermore, Defendant contends that the administrative record is
complete and sufficient for the court to determine whether Plaintiff qualifies for TAA cash
benefits. Defendant argues that Plaintiff had not submitted documentation to verify his net
fishing income and his technical service certification form in a timely manner and therefore
Defendant denied his application for benefits. Accordingly, Defendant argues that since Plaintiff
failed to provide this documentation, he may not now supplement the record.
IV
Applicable Legal Standard
This court has jurisdiction to affirm or remand the actions of the Secretary of Agriculture
“in whole or in part.” 19 U.S.C. § 2395(c) (2004). The Department of Agriculture’s
determination regarding certification of eligibility for TAA will be upheld if it is supported by
substantial evidence and otherwise in accordance with law. 19 U.S.C. § 2395(b); Former
Employees of Swiss Indus. Abrasives v. United States, 17 CIT 945, 947, 830 F. Supp. 637, 639
(1993). The scope of review of the agency’s actions is limited to the administrative record.
Defenders of Wildlife v. Hogarth, 25 CIT 1309, 1315, 177 F. Supp. 2d 1336, 1343. In addition,
the Administrative Procedures Act (“APA”) provides that agency determinations shall be held
invalid if they are arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance
with law. 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A)(2004).
V
Discussion
A
Defendant’s Determination that Plaintiff is Ineligible for TAA Benefits is Not Supported by
Substantial Evidence on the Record
Plaintiff moves to supplement the record in this matter via a declaration to clarify certain
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allegedly erroneous statements in Defendant’s notes in the administrative record. Plaintiff’s
Motion at 1. Plaintiff contends that a December 7, 2004, e-mail memorializing a telephone
conversation between a U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) employee and Mr. Anderson
is hearsay. Id. at 2. Specifically, Plaintiff wants to challenge the statement that he “‘indicated
that his wife faxed the information, then sort of backtracked and said he had the AD-1026 and
CCC-502 completed and in his hands.’” Id. Plaintiff seeks to clarify the record to dispel the
conclusion that he did not complete the requisite supporting paperwork and offer proof that he
had sent the documents to the agency because he had copies of the documents which were
supposedly missing from the administrative record. Id. Plaintiff seeks to file this motion out of
necessity because Defendant is questioning his honesty and truthfulness on the record and wishes
to ensure that the integrity of the proceeding is preserved. Id.
Defendant objects to Plaintiff’s Motion on the grounds that the administrative record is
complete and sufficient for the court to determine whether or not the Plaintiff’s TAA application
was properly reviewed and considered by the Department of Agriculture. Defendant’s Opposition
at 1-2. Defendant contends that Plaintiff was sent a deficiency letter and that his TAA
application was placed on hold pending receipt of the supporting income documentation. Id. at 3.
Defendant claims that the Plaintiff was notified of this deficiency, that he failed to submit the
documents, and thus did not satisfy the requirements of 19 U.S.C. § 2401e(a)(1)(C) or 7 C.F.R. §
1580.301(e)(1) & (4). Id. at 5.
Defendant argues that supplementation of the record is only permissible when there is a
reasonable basis to believe that the record is materially incomplete. Defendant’s Opposition at 5-
6. Defendant contends that the court does not have the power to supplement the record at this
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stage, but that it must remand the matter to the agency to develop the record further if it finds that
the administrative record is insufficient. Id. at 6 (citing Florida Power and Light Co. v. Lorion et
al., 470 U.S. 729, 744, 105 S. Ct. 1598, 84 L.Ed. 2d 643 (1985)). Defendant further claims that
Plaintiff’s assertions regarding the disputed e-mail are mischaracterizations. Id. at 7. Defendant
asserts that the documents in question were not filed by Plaintiff initially, therefore there is no
basis to re-open the record to admit them now. Id. at 7-8. Finally, Defendant argues that Plaintiff
not only failed to submit the requisite documentation, he also failed to apprise Defendant about
his address changes, and failed to contact Farm Service Agency (“FSA”) to inquire about the
status of his application. Id. at 11. For these reasons, Defendant asserts that Plaintiff’s Motion
should be denied.
The Department of Agriculture’s discretion in conducting its investigations of TAA
claims is prefaced by the existence of “a threshold requirement of reasonable inquiry” and
investigations which fall below this “cannot constitute substantial evidence upon which a
determination can be affirmed.” Former Employees of Sun Apparel of Texas v. United States
Sec’y of Labor, Slip Op. 04-106 at 15, 2004 Ct. Int’l Trade LEXIS 105 (August 20, 2004). In
making its determination, the court must sustain Agriculture’s decisions as long as it is
“reasonable and supported by the record as a whole.” See Hyundai Elecs. Co. Ltd. v. United
States, 23 CIT 302, 306, 53 F. Supp. 2d 1334 (1999). Nevertheless, the court will not and
“cannot uphold a determination based upon manifest inaccuracy or incompleteness of record
when relevant to a determination of fact.” Former Employees of Pittsburgh Logistics Sys. Inc. v.
United States Sec’y of Labor, 2002 CIT 21, 32-33 (CIT 2003); see also 28 U.S.C. § 2640(c)
(2004). If the court determines that Defendant did not meet the threshold requirement of a
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reasonable inquiry, it may, for good cause shown, remand the case to Agriculture to take further
action. 19 U.S.C. § 2395(b). Good cause exists “if [Agriculture’s] chosen methodology is so
marred that [its] finding is arbitrary or of such a nature that it could not be based on substantial
evidence.” Former Employees of Galey & Lord Indus. v. Chao, 26 CIT 806, 809, 219 F. Supp. 2d
1283, 1286 (2002) (citing Former Employees of Barry Callebaut v. United States, 25 CIT 1226,
177 F. Supp. 2d 1304, 1308 (2001) (citing Former Employees of Linden Apparel Corp. v. United
States, 13 CIT 467, 469, 715 F. Supp. 378 (1989) (quoting United Glass & Ceramic Workers of
North America, AFL-CIO v. Marshall, 584 F. 2d 398, 405 (D.C. Cir. 1978)))).
In interpreting the TAA statute and accompanying regulations, the court has found that “it
is evident that the law is and was intended to be remedial in nature . . . in the sense of providing
assistance to displaced workers.” Former Employees of Champion Aviation Prods. v. Herman,
23 CIT 349, 352 (1999). Because of the remedial nature of the legislation, “[t]he trade
adjustment assistance [TAA] statutes . . . are to be construed broadly to effectuate their intended
purpose.” Former Employees of Elec. Data Sys. Corp. v. United States, 350 F. Supp. 2d 1282,
1290 (internal quotations and citations omitted); see also Former Employees of Champion
Aviation Prods., 23 CIT at 352; Gardner v. Brown, 5 F.3d 1456, 1463 (Fed. Cir. 1993). The
court has also held that strict “rigidity in implementation of the [TAA] statute would undermine
the remedial nature of the Act,” and is therefore “obliged to conduct [its] investigation with the
utmost regard for the interests of the petitioning workers.” Former Employees of Elec. Data Sys.,
350 F. Supp. 2d at 1290; Former Employees of Oxford Auto. UAW Local 2088 v. United States
Dep’t of Labor, Slip Op. 03-129 at 14, 2003 Ct. Int’l Trade LEXIS 128 (CIT 2003)).
In TAA cases, Agriculture bases its determination of eligibility on whether or not the
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applicant’s net farm income declined between two comparable years. Here, Plaintiff was
required to demonstrate whether his net farm income declined from 2001 to 2002 and to provide
proof of any decline. Agriculture required certified information such as the Plaintiff’s tax
records and other supporting documentation in order to make its determination. Agriculture says
it attempted to notify Plaintiff of the absence of critical documents in the record in a timely
manner, but Plaintiff claims he did not receive this notification until the final decision was
already made. Defendant’s Opposition at 2; Declaration of Abram K. Anderson, dated June 27,
2005, at ¶ 9. Plaintiff wishes to clarify the record and ensure that his application is complete.
For Agriculture to have properly examined and considered Plaintiff’s application for benefits,
Defendant must have on record the requisite supporting income documentation and training
certification. See 19 U.S.C. § 2401e(a)(1)(C) and 7 C.F.R. §§ 1580.301(e)(4) & (6).
Defendant failed to meet the threshold of reasonable inquiry by not investigating the
series of discrepancies in Mr. Anderson’s application, not ensuring that Mr. Anderson was
notified of the absence of critical information, and by ignoring his attempts to rectify these
discrepancies during the administrative process. Declaration of Abram K. Anderson, dated June
27, 2005, at ¶¶ 5, 6, & 7. As a result, Agriculture’s determination to deny Mr. Anderson’s TAA
benefits relied solely on the original TAA application with no evidence of any attempt at further
investigation or analysis to substantiate Plaintiff’s claim, and Agriculture did not meet the
reasonable inquiry threshold.
Accordingly, this matter is remanded to Agriculture to (1) notify Plaintiff of any
deficiencies in the record; (2) re-open the record and obtain all evidence reasonably necessary to
ensure that its administrative record is complete and sufficient to make its determination of
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eligibility; and (3) make its determination based upon substantial evidence and consistent with 19
U.S.C. § 2401e(a)(1)(C) and 7 C.F.R. § 1580.301(e)(1) & (4).
V
Conclusion
For the reasons stated above, Plaintiff’s Motion to Supplement the Record is denied and
this matter is remanded to Agriculture for action consistent with this opinion.
____/s/ Evan J. Wallach___
Evan J. Wallach, Judge
Dated: April 28, 2006
New York, New York
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