No. 02-065
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2003 MT 367
RICHARD RAUGUST,
Petitioner and Appellant,
v.
STATE OF MONTANA,
Respondent and Respondent.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Twentieth Judicial District,
In and For the County of Sanders, Cause No. DC 97-27,
Honorable C. B. McNeil, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Amy N. Guth, Attorney at Law, Libby, Montana
For Respondent:
Honorable Mike McGrath, Attorney General; Pamela F. Collins,
Assistant General, Helena, Montana
Robert Zimmerman, County Attorney, Thompson Falls, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: September 5, 2002
Decided: December 23, 2003
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice Jim Rice delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Richard Raugust appeals from the order entered by the Twentieth Judicial District
Court, Sanders County, dismissing his petition for postconviction relief. We affirm.
¶2 We state the issues as follows:
¶3 1. Did the District Court err in concluding that Raugust’s petition for postconviction
relief was untimely filed?
¶4 2. Did the District Court err in dismissing Raugust’s newly discovered evidence
claim?
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
¶5 On March 26, 1998, following a jury trial, Raugust was found guilty of deliberate
homicide, a felony, in violation of § 45-5-102(1), MCA (Count I); attempted arson, a felony,
in violation of § 45-4-103, MCA, and § 45-6-103, MCA (Count II); and attempted
tampering with or fabricating physical evidence, a felony, in violation of § 45-4-103, MCA,
and § 45-7-207(1)(a), MCA (Count IV), arising out of his role in killing a man by
discharging a shotgun at point blank range and thereafter setting their mutual camp on fire.
He was acquitted of Count III, tampering with or fabricating physical evidence, a felony, in
violation of § 45-7-207(1)(a), MCA. He appealed, and this Court affirmed his conviction
in an opinion issued on June 1, 2000. See State v. Raugust, 2000 MT 146, 300 Mont. 54,
3 P.3d 115.
¶6 On September 14, 2001, Raugust, then proceeding pro se, attempted to file a petition
for postconviction relief and numerous other documents with the Twentieth Judicial District
2
Court. The Sanders County Deputy Clerk of Court refused to file two of the documents,
including the petition for postconviction relief, for failure to use “correct format according
to the Uniform District Court Rules.” Raugust amended his petition for postconviction relief
and refiled it. The clerk of court accepted filing of the petition and several other documents
on September 24, 2001. Raugust’s claims for postconviction relief were based upon alleged
newly discovered evidence.
¶7 On October 4, 2001, the State filed with the District Court a response to Raugust’s
petition for postconviction relief asserting that it was not timely filed. On October 26,
Raugust responded that he had timely filed his pleadings, but that the clerk of court had
failed to docket them when received.
¶8 On November 6, 2001, the District Court summarily dismissed all of the proceedings
as untimely filed. On November 23, 2001, Raugust appealed the District Court’s order
dismissing the petition for postconviction relief to this Court.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶9 This Court reviews a district court’s denial of a petition for postconviction relief to
determine whether the district court’s findings of fact are clearly erroneous and whether its
conclusions of law are correct. State v. Root, 2003 MT 28, ¶ 7, 314 Mont. 186, ¶ 7, 64 P.3d
1035, ¶ 7. We will affirm a district court’s ruling, even if the court reached the correct result
for the wrong reason. State v. S.T.M., 2003 MT 221, ¶ 15, 317 Mont. 159, ¶ 15, 75 P.3d
1257, ¶ 15.
3
DISCUSSION
Issue 1
¶10 Did the District Court err in concluding that Raugust’s petition for
postconviction relief was untimely filed?
¶11 Raugust argues the District Court erred in dismissing the petition for postconviction
relief as untimely. In its November 6, 2001, Order Denying Petition for Postconviction
Relief, the District Court stated:
. . . MCA § 46-21-102 provides that a petition for post conviction relief
may be filed within one year of the date the conviction becomes final.
The Remittitur from the Montana Supreme Court affirming Defendant’s
conviction was filed June 21, 2000. Defendant’s Petition for Post Conviction
Relief was not filed until September 24, 2001 and, therefore, is not timely.
¶12 The statute of limitations for postconviction relief is set forth in § 46-21-102(1),
MCA, as follows:
(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), a petition for the relief
referred to in 46-21-101 may be filed at any time within 1 year of the date that
the conviction becomes final. A conviction becomes final for purposes of this
chapter when:
(a) the time for appeal to the Montana supreme court expires;
(b) if an appeal is taken to the Montana supreme court, the time for
petitioning the United States supreme court for review expires; or
(c) if review is sought in the United States supreme court, on the date
that that court issues its final order in the case.
¶13 In State v. Abe, 2001 MT 260, 307 Mont. 233, 37 P.3d 77, this Court explained the
proper application of § 46-21-102(1), MCA, to the question of a petition’s timeliness.
Pursuant to the Rules of the United States Supreme Court, a petitioner has 90 days from the
entry of the decision in his appeal to petition for writ of certiorari in the United States
Supreme Court. See Rule 13, Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States; Abe, ¶ 7.
4
Section 46-21-102(1)(b), MCA, deems convictions to be final when the time expires for
petitioning the United States Supreme Court. Thereafter, a petitioner has one year to file the
petition. Section 46-21-102(1), MCA.
¶14 Thus, Raugust had 90 days from June 1, 2000, the date of the entry of the decision
in his appeal, or until August 30, 2000, to petition for writ of certiorari in the United States
Supreme Court, and, at that time, Raugust’s conviction was deemed final. Raugust had one
year thereafter to file his petition, or until August 30, 2001. Because Raugust’s petition for
postconviction relief was not filed until September 24, 2001, it was twenty-five days beyond
the deadline. Even assuming, arguendo, that Raugust’s attempted filing of the petition on
September 14, 2001, was valid, the petition would nonetheless have been filed fifteen days
beyond the deadline.
¶15 Raugust argues that the computation of his time for filing for postconviction relief
should be calculated as beginning on June 19, 2000, the date of this Court’s remittitur to the
District Court, plus one day according to Rule 6(a), M.R.Civ.P. (which commences the
calculations on the day after the issuance of an order), plus 90 days pursuant to United States
Supreme Court Rule 13, plus the one-year limitation period allowed by § 46-21-102(1),
MCA, plus three additional days for mailing according to Rule 6(e), M.R.Civ.P. According
to these calculations, Raugust would have had until September 21, 2001, to file his petition,
thus rendering his attempted filing on September 14, 2001, timely. However, this rationale
is erroneous because the 90-day time period for petitioning the United States Supreme Court
does not commence at the issuance of remittitur from this Court, but, rather, on the date the
5
decision is rendered by this Court. See Rule 13, Rules of the United States Supreme Court
(“. . . a petition for writ of certiorari to review a judgment in any case . . . is timely when it
is filed with the Clerk of this Court within 90 days after entry of the judgment”).
¶16 Although the District Court erred by calculating the one-year limitation period from
the date remittitur was issued from this Court, it nonetheless reached the correct conclusion.
Because Raugust’s petition was filed after August 30, 2001, it was untimely.
Issue 2
¶17 Did the District Court err in dismissing Raugust’s newly discovered evidence
claim?
¶18 Raugust argues that, even if untimely filed, his petition should not have been
dismissed because it was based on his claim of newly discovered evidence, which extends
the limitation period, pursuant to § 46-21-102(2), MCA. That section states:
A claim that alleges the existence of newly discovered evidence that, if proved
and viewed in light of the evidence as a whole would establish that the
petitioner did not engage in the criminal conduct for which the petitioner was
convicted, may be raised in a petition filed within 1 year of the date on which
the conviction becomes final or the date on which the petitioner discovers, or
reasonably should have discovered, the existence of the evidence, whichever
is later.
¶19 We established in State v. Greeno (1959), 135 Mont. 580, 342 P.2d 1052, the factors
to be considered when a district court evaluates a motion for a new trial based upon newly
discovered evidence:
(1) [t]hat the evidence must have come to the knowledge of the
applicant since the trial;
(2) that it was not through want of diligence that it was not discovered
earlier;
6
(3) that it is so material that it would probably produce a different result
upon another trial;
(4) that it is not cumulative merely--that is, does not speak as to facts
in relation to which there was evidence at trial;
(5) that the application must be supported by the affidavit of the witness
whose evidence is alleged to have been newly discovered, or its absence
accounted for; and
(6) that the evidence must not be such as will only tend to impeach the
character or credit of a witness.
Greeno, 135 Mont. at 586, 342 P.2d at 1055; see also State v. Cline (1996), 275 Mont. 46,
52, 909 P.2d 1171, 1175. We have applied these factors to a claim of newly discovered
evidence made in a petition for postconviction relief. State v. Sullivan (1997), 285 Mont.
235, 241, 948 P.2d 215, 219. All six of the above factors must be met. See Cline, 275
Mont. at 52, 909 P.2d at 1175.
¶20 The one-year statute of limitations for postconviction relief is a “jurisdictional limit
on litigation and its waiver may only be justified by a clear miscarriage of justice, one so
obvious that the judgment is rendered a complete nullity.” Petition of Gray (1995), 274
Mont. 1, 2, 908 P.2d 1352, 1352. The miscarriage of justice exception must be “a
constitutional violation [that] has probably resulted in the conviction of one who is actually
innocent.” State v. Redcrow, 1999 MT 95, ¶ 33, 294 Mont. 252, ¶ 33, 980 P.2d 622, ¶ 33.
¶21 Raugust offers that “the gravamen of [his] post-conviction relief claims” is newly
discovered evidence of the following: (1) the State mishandled one of the weapons found
at the scene of the offense; and (2) Rory Ross, a key eyewitness to the offense, actually
confessed to the offense while waiting in the County Attorney’s office to testify in Raugust’s
trial. Raugust also claims that his counsel was ineffective during the trial.
7
¶22 Raugust claims that the State failed to disclose that a shotgun recovered from the
crime scene had been inappropriately packaged with the muzzle sticking out of the box and
shipped to the State Crime Lab in that manner. He further contends that this insecure
packaging destroyed the “chain of evidence” and that he may have been entitled to exclusion
of the shotgun from the trial.
¶23 Raugust does not allege when the evidence about the shotgun was discovered, nor
demonstrate that it was not from want of diligence that the evidence was not discovered in
a timely manner. These Greeno factors are critical to satisfying the statute’s requirement
that a petition based upon newly discovered evidence be filed within one year of the date in
which the evidence reasonably could have been discovered. See § 46-21-102(2), MCA.
¶24 Further, Raugust cannot establish that the evidence of inappropriate packaging is so
material that it would probably produce a different result at the trial. Raugust was acquitted
of Count III, altering or destroying a .12 gauge shotgun by fire, and thus, materiality to that
charge is not an issue. Nor, for these purposes, was the condition of the shotgun highly
material to the homicide charge, as Raugust himself has acknowledged. Attacking the
evidence introduced at trial in his motion for new trial or judgment notwithstanding the
verdict, Raugust noted the fire-damaged weapon “could not be conclusively identified as the
murder weapon nor could the shotgun pellets found in the victim be positively identified as
coming from the shotgun casings taken from the shotgun found in the fire.” Although
evidence of the weapon’s use was introduced during the trial by the State, there was other
substantial evidence introduced establishing Raugust’s guilt, including eyewitness testimony.
8
We conclude that even if Raugust had established diligence and timely discovery of the
packaging evidence, it was not “so material that it would probably produce a different result
upon another trial.” Greeno, 136 Mont. 586, 342 P.2d at 1055.
¶25 Raugust next contends that he has discovered new evidence that the State’s key
eyewitness, Rory Ross, confessed to the homicide while awaiting to testify in Raugust’s trial.
Raugust claims to have received this evidence from another trial witness, Randy Fisher, who,
Raugust asserts, stated in September of 2001, three and one-half years after the trial, that
Ross had confessed to the homicide to Fisher while Ross and Fisher were waiting in the
County Attorney’s office to testify in Raugust’s trial.
¶26 Raugust provides no information regarding when he first became aware of Fisher’s
recollection of the alleged Ross confession, and offers nothing to demonstrate that this
evidence could not have been discovered earlier through diligence. As such, the Greeno
factors regarding timeliness are not established. Further, the alleged confession is directly
inconsistent with the totality of evidence presented at trial. The evidence indicated that
Raugust, not Ross, was quarreling with the victim prior to the homicide. It was Ross who,
in a panic, ran to neighboring campers and screamed that Raugust had “lost it,” had shot the
victim, and was going to shoot “everybody.” The neighbors then saw Ross’s car, driven by
Raugust, leaving the camp at 60 to 70 miles per hour, and next saw the flames of the fire
started in Raugust’s camp–all while Ross was in the neighbors’ presence. Ross could not
have committed those acts. Witnesses gave testimony which conflicted with Raugust’s alibi
defense, placing him with Ross and the victim all evening and at the scene of the crime. In
9
light of the substantial evidence of Raugust’s actions introduced at trial, and the testimony
from third party witnesses about Ross’s innocent role, we conclude that Raugust’s claim that
Fisher had stated that Ross had confessed to Fisher three and one-half years earlier is not so
material that it would probably produce a different result upon another trial. Therefore,
Raugust has failed to demonstrate that, when analyzed according to the Greeno factors, his
claims for relief qualify under the “newly discovered evidence” exception to the one-year
statutory bar in § 46-21-102(2), MCA.
¶27 Lastly, Raugust claims that his attorney rendered ineffective assistance by failing to
introduce evidence at trial regarding what he asserts is the reputation of the State’s
eyewitnesses for dishonesty. He further contends that his counsel failed to request and argue
for a mitigated deliberate homicide instruction. However, these claims are not newly
discovered evidence. Raugust was aware of these asserted deficiencies in his defense at the
time of trial, and should have raised them on appeal, or if not proper for appeal, then by a
timely postconviction relief petition. As we have already concluded, Raugust’s petition was
not timely, and, therefore, these claims are properly denied.
¶28 We affirm the decision of the District Court.
/S/ JIM RICE
We concur:
10
/S/ PATRICIA COTTER
/S/ JIM REGNIER
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
11