IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA
No. COA16-597
Filed: 15 November 2016
Wake County, No. 14 JA 182
IN THE MATTER OF: T.R.
Appeal by respondent-mother from order entered 8 March 2016 by Judge
Monica M. Bousman in Wake County District Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals
19 October 2016.
Office of the Wake County Attorney, by Roger A. Askew, for petitioner-appellee
Wake County Human Services.
Robert W. Ewing for respondent-appellant.
Michael N. Tousey for guardian ad litem.
DAVIS, Judge.
M.R. (“Respondent”) appeals from an order granting custody of her juvenile
daughter, T.R. (“Tina”), to the child’s father, “Ted.”1 Respondent argues that the trial
court lacked subject matter jurisdiction under the Uniform Child-Custody
Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (“UCCJEA”) to issue the order from which she
appeals. After careful review, we affirm.
Factual Background
1 Pseudonyms and initials are used throughout this opinion to protect the identities of the
juveniles and for ease of reading. N.C. R. App. P. 3.1(b).
IN RE: T.R.
Opinion of the Court
Tina was born in 2007 in Springfield, Illinois to Respondent and Ted, who at
the time were married. They separated in 2009 after Ted abandoned Respondent and
Tina. On 7 January 2011, the Circuit Court of Sangamon County, Illinois issued an
order dissolving the marriage and granting custody of Tina to Respondent subject to
Ted’s visitation rights.
In February 2012, Respondent — who is a migrant worker — moved with Tina
and “Vanessa,” Respondent’s daughter from another relationship, from Illinois to
Florida. They lived in Florida until 18 June 2014 when they moved to North Carolina.
They lived in various places within North Carolina, including a migrant worker camp
in New Hanover County. Respondent’s work in North Carolina entailed recruiting
and transporting migrant workers to a farm in Currie, North Carolina. Ted has
continued to live in Illinois.
On 25 July 2014, Wake County Human Services (“WCHS”) filed a juvenile
petition in Wake County District Court alleging that Tina (then 7 years old) and
Vanessa (then 12 years old) were neglected juveniles pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §
7B-101 in that they did not receive proper care, supervision, or discipline from
Respondent and lived in an environment injurious to their welfare. See N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 7B-101(15) (2015). The petition included allegations that (1) while Respondent
was at work, Vanessa had been raped by a man in the migrant worker housing
development where they lived; (2) Vanessa worked for 11 hours each day doing field
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IN RE: T.R.
Opinion of the Court
work; (3) Vanessa and Tina were often left alone while Respondent worked; and (4)
Tina had reported that Respondent’s boyfriend had touched Tina’s genitalia on one
occasion.
On 25 July 2014, the Honorable Monica M. Bousman entered an order in Wake
County District Court granting WCHS non-secure custody of the children. A child
planning conference was held on 30 July 2014, and a memorandum of understanding
produced after the conference acknowledged that Respondent had been granted
custody of Tina in the 2011 divorce proceeding in Sangamon County, Illinois. It also
noted that Respondent had reported she was currently living in Florida.
On 3 September 2014, Judge Bousman contacted Judge April Troemper of the
Circuit Court of Sangamon County regarding the case. As a result of this
conversation, on 17 September 2014 Judge Troemper made the following docket
entry:
On 9/3/14, the Court received a call from Judge Bousman
from North Carolina Juvenile Court regarding a pending
matter involving the minor child [Tina]. The Courts
discussed the status of the case in Illinois and in North
Carolina and exchanged relevant documentation to
determine the issue of jurisdiction. Upon further
consideration and on the Court’s own Motion, this Court is
transferring jurisdiction of this file, including the pending
motion to modify custody to Wake County, North Carolina.
The minor child has not resided in the State of Illinois since
approximately January 2012. The Court finds it is in the
minor child’s best interest to have custody matters
addressed by the Courts in North Carolina where the
allegations of abuse occurred. As such, the Court’s
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IN RE: T.R.
Opinion of the Court
mediation order is vacated. Clerk [is] instructed to prepare
file for transfer and to send copy of this docket to the
parties of record.2
In a subsequent order, Judge Bousman made the following finding of fact:
“Jurisdictional issues with respect to the child, [Tina], have been resolved. [Circuit]
Court Judge Troemper of Sangamon County, Illinois, has determined that the proper
forum for this matter is the State of North Carolina.” In this order, Judge Bousman
also made the following conclusion of law: “Jurisdictional issues with respect to
[Tina] have been resolved and North Carolina is the proper forum for the adjudication
and disposition in this matter.”
The trial court held an adjudication hearing on 13 November 2014 and a
dispositional hearing on 9 December 2014. On 9 January 2015, the court issued an
order adjudicating Tina and Vanessa to be neglected juveniles and a dispositional
order keeping the children in WCHS’s custody. In a 27 April 2015 order, the trial
court placed Tina in a trial placement with Ted.
After holding a permanency planning hearing that began on 26 January 2016,
the trial court issued a permanency planning order on 8 March 2016 finding that (1)
Respondent was not progressing in her case plan; (2) reunification efforts with
Respondent were contrary to Tina’s health and safety; and (3) Tina was “doing very
well in her trial placement with [Ted].” In that order, the court gave Ted custody of
2 There is no indication in the record that Respondent either failed to receive a copy of this
docket entry or attempted to appeal Judge Troemper’s transfer of the case to North Carolina.
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IN RE: T.R.
Opinion of the Court
Tina and suspended Respondent’s visitation rights pending further review by Tina’s
therapist. Respondent filed a timely appeal from the trial court’s 8 March 2016 order.
Analysis
Respondent’s sole argument on appeal is that the trial court lacked subject
matter jurisdiction under the UCCJEA to issue the 8 March 2016 order granting
custody of Tina to Ted. The issue of whether a trial court possesses jurisdiction under
the UCCJEA is a question of law that we review de novo. In re J.H., __ N.C. App. __,
__, 780 S.E.2d 228, 233 (2015).
The UCCJEA serves to “[a]void jurisdictional competition and conflict with
courts of other States in matters of child custody” and to “[p]romote cooperation with
the courts of other States to the end that a custody decree is rendered in that State
which can best decide the case in the interest of the child[.]” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-
101 (Official Comment) (2015). Under the UCCJEA, once a court of one state makes
an initial child custody determination, that state ordinarily has “exclusive,
continuing jurisdiction over the determination . . . .” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-202(a)
(2015). However, the UCCJEA contains provisions setting out several circumstances
under which the courts of a second state are permitted to exercise jurisdiction over —
and modify — a prior custody determination from the original state. See N.C. Gen.
Stat. §§ 50A-202, 203, 204.
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IN RE: T.R.
Opinion of the Court
In the present case, we conclude that subject matter jurisdiction existed to
support the trial court’s 8 March 2016 order based on N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-203.3
Under the applicable provisions of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-203, a North Carolina court
may modify an out-of-state child custody determination if both (1) North Carolina
“has jurisdiction to make an initial determination under G.S. 50A-201(a)(1) or G.S.
50A-201(a)(2)” and (2) “[t]he court of the other state determines it no longer has
exclusive, continuing jurisdiction under G.S. 50A-2024 or that a court of this State
would be a more convenient forum under G.S. 50A-207[.]” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-
203(1) (emphasis added). We address each of these two requirements in turn.
I. Existence of Jurisdiction for North Carolina Court to Make Initial
Custody Determination Under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-201(a)(2)
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-201(a)(2) provides, in pertinent part, that North Carolina
may make an initial child custody determination if
(2) . . . a court of the home state of the child has declined to
exercise jurisdiction on the ground that [North Carolina] is
3 We note that Respondent does not argue that the trial court lacked temporary emergency
jurisdiction pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-204 to enter its initial non-secure custody order. See
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-204(a) (2015) (“A court of [North Carolina] has temporary emergency jurisdiction
if the child is present in [North Carolina] and the child has been abandoned or it is necessary in an
emergency to protect the child because the child, or a sibling or parent of the child, is subjected to or
threatened with mistreatment or abuse.”). Rather, Respondent argues that the trial court’s temporary
emergency jurisdiction could not have served as a basis for making a final custody determination. For
the reasons set forth herein, however, we conclude that the 8 March 2016 order was properly issued
pursuant to the trial court’s jurisdiction under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-203(1) rather than under N.C.
Gen. Stat. § 50A-204.
4 The exceptions set forth in N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-202 are not applicable to the present case.
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IN RE: T.R.
Opinion of the Court
the more appropriate forum under G.S. 50A-2075 . . . and:
a. The child and the child’s parents, or the child and
at least one parent or a person acting as a parent,
have a significant connection with [North Carolina]
other than mere physical presence; and
b. Substantial evidence is available in [North
Carolina] concerning the child’s care, protection,
training, and personal relationships[.]
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-201(a)(2) (emphasis added).
Here, the trial court possessed jurisdiction to make an initial custody
determination under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-201(a)(2) based on Judge Troemper’s
docket entry, which provided that the Illinois court was transferring the matter to
Wake County District Court because Tina had not lived in Illinois since 2012 and the
abuse had occurred in North Carolina. This ruling was tantamount to a
determination that North Carolina was “the more appropriate forum” for purposes of
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-201(a)(2). The docket entry explained that after Judge
Bousman and Judge Troemper had communicated with each other and exchanged
relevant documents, Judge Troemper decided to “transfer[ ] jurisdiction of this file,
including the pending motion to modify custody to Wake County, North Carolina”
and that it was in the best interest of Tina to have custody issues adjudicated in
5 N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-207, in turn, provides in pertinent part that “[a] court of this State
which has jurisdiction . . . to make a child-custody determination may decline to exercise its jurisdiction
at any time if it determines that it is an inconvenient forum under the circumstances, and that a court
of another state is a more appropriate forum.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-207(a) (2015).
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IN RE: T.R.
Opinion of the Court
North Carolina.
Respondent argues in her brief that the record is devoid of any order from an
Illinois court determining that it no longer possessed exclusive, continuing
jurisdiction or that a North Carolina court would be a more convenient forum.
Respondent briefly acknowledges the Illinois docket entry but summarily asserts in
a footnote that the docket entry is “not a court order sufficient to meet the
requirements” of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-203. However, Respondent does not provide
any valid argument as to why the docket entry does not suffice as an order of the
Illinois court for purposes of the UCCJEA.
The Illinois Court of Appeals “has accepted a docket sheet entry as an order of
the court where there was no transcript of the hearing and no written order.”
Severino v. Freedom Woods, Inc., 407 Ill. App. 3d 238, 250, 941 N.E.2d 180, 191 (2010)
(citation omitted), appeal denied, 350 Ill. Dec. 873, 949 N.E.2d 665 (2011). Therefore,
Illinois’ own courts have acknowledged that a docket entry can serve as a court order
where — as here — the docket entry is unaccompanied by a separate order or a
hearing transcript.
Furthermore, Judge Troemper’s docket entry possesses all of the substantive
attributes of a court order. It reaches the conclusion that the case should be
transferred from the courts of Illinois to the courts of North Carolina and fully
explains its rationale for that conclusion. Moreover, as noted above, there is no
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IN RE: T.R.
Opinion of the Court
indication in the record before us that Respondent did not receive a copy of the docket
entry from the Illinois court or that Respondent made any effort to appeal Judge
Troemper’s ruling. As this Court has previously observed, “[n]othing in the UCCJEA
requires North Carolina’s district courts to undertake collateral review of a facially
valid order from a sister state before exercising jurisdiction pursuant to N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 50A-203(1).” In re N.B., __ N.C. App. __, __, 771 S.E.2d 562, 566 (2015).
With regard to the additional requirements under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-
201(a)(2), the record shows that (1) Tina and Respondent had a “significant
connection with [North Carolina] other than mere physical presence” in that they
were living — and Respondent was working — in North Carolina at the time of the
acts giving rise to the juvenile petition filed by WCHS; and (2) “[s]ubstantial evidence
is available in [North Carolina] concerning [Tina’s] care, protection, training, and
personal relationships” in that the sexual assault against Tina — as well as other
acts of neglect by Respondent involving Tina — occurred in North Carolina.
Therefore, all of the requirements of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-201(a)(2) were satisfied.
II. Determination By Illinois Court That North Carolina Would Be More
Convenient Forum
The final pertinent requirement for the existence of subject matter jurisdiction
in the trial court under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-203(1) is that the Illinois court must
have determined that North Carolina “would be a more convenient forum” for a
determination of custody. Once again, for the reasons set out above, this requirement
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Opinion of the Court
was satisfied by Judge Troemper’s docket entry transferring the case to Wake County
District Court.
Accordingly, Respondent has failed to demonstrate that the trial court lacked
subject matter jurisdiction to enter its 8 March 2016 order. As such, this order is
affirmed.
Conclusion
For the reasons stated above, we affirm.
AFFIRMED.
Judges INMAN and ENOCHS concur.
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